scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide inhibits colonic biotin uptake via interference with membrane expression of its transporter: a role for a casein kinase 2-mediated pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. C376-C384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lakhan ◽  
Hamid M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Casein Kinase 2 ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Biotin (vitamin B7), an essential micronutrient for normal cellular functions, is obtained from both dietary sources as well as gut microbiota. Absorption of biotin in both the small and large intestine is via a carrier-mediated process that involves the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Although different physiological and molecular aspects of intestinal biotin uptake have been delineated, nothing is known about the effect of LPS on the process. We addressed this issue using in vitro (human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells) and in vivo (mice) models of LPS exposure. Treating NCM460 cells with LPS was found to lead to a significant inhibition in carrier-mediated biotin uptake. Similarly, administration of LPS to mice led to a significant inhibition in biotin uptake by native colonic tissue. Although no changes in total cellular SMVT protein and mRNA levels were observed, LPS caused a decrease in the fraction of SMVT expressed at the cell surface. A role for casein kinase 2 (CK2) (whose activity was also inhibited by LPS) in mediating the endotoxin effects on biotin uptake and on membrane expression of SMVT was suggested by findings that specific inhibitors of CK2, as well as mutating the putative CK2 phosphorylation site (Thr78Ala) in the SMVT protein, led to inhibition in biotin uptake and membrane expression of SMVT. This study shows for the first time that LPS inhibits colonic biotin uptake via decreasing membrane expression of its transporter and that these effects likely involve a CK2-mediated pathway.

scholarly journals Effect of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α on intestinal riboflavin uptake: inhibition mediated via transcriptional mechanism(s)

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. C653-C663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasin Yadunandam Anandam ◽  
Omar A. Alwan ◽  
Veedamali S. Subramanian ◽  
Padmanabhan Srinivasan ◽  
Rubina Kapadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Factor Α

Riboflavin (RF), is essential for normal cellular metabolism/function. Intestinal RF absorption occurs via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the apical transporter RFVT-3 ( SLC52A3) and the basolateral RFVT-1 (SLC52A1). Previously, we characterized different cellular/molecular aspects of the intestinal RF uptake process, but nothing is known about the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the uptake event. We addressed this issue using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. First, we determined the level of mRNA expression of the human (h)RFVT-3 and hRFVT-1 in intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and observed a markedly lower level compared with controls. In the in vitro model, exposing Caco-2 cells to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) led to a significant inhibition in RF uptake, an effect that was abrogated upon knocking down TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). The inhibition in RF uptake was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of hRFVT-3 and -1 protein and mRNA levels, as well as in the activity of the SLC52A3 and SLC52A1 promoters. The latter effects appear to involve Sp1 and NF-κB sites in these promoters. Similarly, exposure of mouse small intestinal enteroids and wild-type mice to TNF-α led to a significant inhibition in physiological and molecular parameters of intestinal RF uptake. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to TNF-α leads to inhibition in RF uptake and that this effect is mediated, at least in part, via transcriptional mechanism(s). These findings may explain the significantly low RF levels observed in patients with IBD.

Inhibition of Casein Kinase 2 Impairs Wnt Signaling and Cell Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2050-2050
Author(s):  
Christina Wu ◽  
Fitzgerald S Lao ◽  
Emily Nan ◽  
Hongying Li ◽  
Michael Y. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Casein Kinase 2 ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Gene Assay

Abstract The oncogenic Wnt pathway is aberrantly activated in most CLL clones, and hence is an attractive target for therapy. The casein kinase 2 (CK2) enzyme is an established positive regulator of Wnt signaling. The inhibitor Silmitasertib, also known as CX-4945, is a nanomolar inhibitor of CK2. It has been reported that CK2 is overexpressed in CLL. Here we have investigated the effects of CX-4945 on WNT signaling in primary CLL cells. We confirmed that CX-4945 displayed in vitro cytotoxic activity toward CLL cells at very low µM concentration, as previously reported by others. However, at least 2-3 fold higher concentration of CX-4945 was required to achieve a similar toxicity against normal PBMC. Previously, our laboratory has successfully utilized a short-term CLL "parking" model in immunodeficient RAG/gamma chain knock out (RG-KO) mice to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and potential toxicity of anti-CLL agents. CX-4945 at dosages of 0.3-10 mg/kg was administered by oral gavage daily for 6 days to mice injected i.p. with 10 million CLL cells. These dosages of drug were well tolerated, and potently inhibited CLL persistence in the xenotransplanted mice. In a reporter gene assay, CX-4945 dose-dependently inhibited Wnt target gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of dishevelled-2 (Dvl-2) protein expression was observed in primary CLL patient samples treated with 3-10 µM CX-4945 for 4-16 hours. Similar reduction in p-GSK3b(S9) protein was also observed. Quantitative RT-PCR also confirmed down regulation of b-catenin gene expression in primary CLL patient samples treated with 10 µM CX-4945 for 4h. Further molecular analyses of predictive or correlative biomarkers is ongoing using Nanostring PanCancer multipathway gene analysis. In a preliminary study, we found that CX-4945 perturbed the expression of multiple genes implicated in CLL development and survival. In summary, the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 inhibited Wnt signaling and CLL survival, and displayed oral activity in mice. CK2 inhibitors are thus potential therapeutic agents for CLL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Expression of a myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation site mutant complements the cytokinesis and developmental defects of Dictyostelium RMLC null cells.

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
B D Ostrow ◽  
P Chen ◽  
R L Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Regulatory Light Chain ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Developmental Defects

In a number of systems phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RMLC) of myosin regulates the activity of myosin. In smooth muscle and vertebrate nonmuscle systems RMLC phosphorylation is required for contractile activity. In Dictyostelium discoideum phosphorylation of the RMLC regulates both ATPase activity and motor function. We have determined the site of phosphorylation on the Dictyostelium RMLC and used site-directed mutagenesis to replace the phosphorylated serine with an alanine. The mutant light chain was then expressed in RMLC null Dictyostelium cells (mLCR-) from an actin promoter on an integrating vector. The mutant RMLC was expressed at high levels and associated with the myosin heavy chain. RMLC bearing a ser13ala substitution was not phosphorylated in vitro by purified myosin light chain kinase, nor could phosphate be detected on the mutant RMLC in vivo. The mutant myosin had reduced actin-activated ATPase activity, comparable to fully dephosphorylated myosin. Unexpectedly, expression of the mutant RMLC rescued the primary phenotypic defects of the mlcR- cells to the same extent as did expression of wild-type RMLC. These results suggest that while phosphorylation of the Dictyostelium RMLC appears to be tightly regulated in vivo, it is not essential for myosin-dependent cellular functions.

scholarly journals Casein Kinase 2 Associates with Initiation-Competent RNA Polymerase I and Has Multiple Roles in Ribosomal DNA Transcription

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5957-5968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana B. Panova ◽  
Kostya I. Panov ◽  
Jackie Russell ◽  
Joost C. B. M. Zomerdijk
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Casein Kinase 2 ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pol I ◽  
Polymerase I

ABSTRACT Mammalian RNA polymerase I (Pol I) complexes contain a number of associated factors, some with undefined regulatory roles in transcription. We demonstrate that casein kinase 2 (CK2) in human cells is associated specifically only with the initiation-competent Pol Iβ isoform and not with Pol Iα. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis places CK2 at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoter in vivo. Pol Iβ-associated CK2 can phosphorylate topoisomerase IIα in Pol Iβ, activator upstream binding factor (UBF), and selectivity factor 1 (SL1) subunit TAFI110. A potent and selective CK2 inhibitor, 3,8-dibromo-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one, limits in vitro transcription to a single round, suggesting a role for CK2 in reinitiation. Phosphorylation of UBF by CK2 increases SL1-dependent stabilization of UBF at the rDNA promoter, providing a molecular mechanism for the stimulatory effect of CK2 on UBF activation of transcription. These positive effects of CK2 in Pol I transcription contrast to that wrought by CK2 phosphorylation of TAFI110, which prevents SL1 binding to rDNA, thereby abrogating the ability of SL1 to nucleate preinitiation complex (PIC) formation. Thus, CK2 has the potential to regulate Pol I transcription at multiple levels, in PIC formation, activation, and reinitiation of transcription.

scholarly journals Stanniocalcin 1 and 2 are secreted as phosphoproteins from human fibrosarcoma cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 350 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. JELLINEK ◽  
Andy C. CHANG ◽  
Martin R. LARSEN ◽  
Xin WANG ◽  
Phillip J. ROBINSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
Ht1080 Cells ◽  
Human Fibrosarcoma Cells

Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) are two recently identified mammalian peptide hormones. STC1 plays a role in calcium and phosphate homoeostasis, while the role of STC2 is unknown. We examined a human fibrosarcoma cell line, HT1080, that has high steady-state STC1 and STC2 mRNA levels, to determine whether these proteins are secreted. Following incubation of HT1080 cells with 32P, labelled STC1 and STC2 were found to be secreted into the medium. STC1 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C (PKC). In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation both occurred exclusively on serine and the phosphopeptide maps were similar, suggesting that PKC might be the in vivo kinase. STC2 was phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II (CK2), in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation were exclusively on serine and the phosphopeptide maps were indistinguishable. Phosphorylation of STC2 in intact cells resulted from the action of an ecto-protein kinase, since exogenous STC2 was phosphorylated by HT1080 cells and no phosphorylated STC2 was detectable inside the cells. The ectokinase activity was abolished by heparin and GTP could substitute for ATP as the phosphate donor, indicative of an ecto-CK2-like activity. The in vitro CK2 phosphorylation site was shown by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight MS to be a single serine located between Ser-285 and Ser-298 in the C-terminal region of STC2. This is the first report of the secretion of STC1 or STC2 from mammalian cells. We conclude that these human fibrosarcoma cells express both STC1 and STC2 as secreted phosphoproteins in vivo, with STC2 being phosphorylated by an ecto-CK2-like enzyme.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of the MAPKKK Regulator Ste50p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a Casein Kinase I Phosphorylation Site Is Required for Proper Mating Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunle Wu ◽  
Mathieu Arcand ◽  
Gregor Jansen ◽  
Mei Zhong ◽  
Tatiana Iouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Casein Kinase I ◽  
Aspartic Acid Residue ◽  
Glycerol Synthesis ◽  
Mating Function

ABSTRACT The Ste50 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a regulator of the Ste11p protein kinase. Ste11p is a member of the MAP3K (or MEKK) family, which is conserved from yeast to mammals. Ste50p is involved in all the signaling pathways that require Ste11p function, yet little is known about the regulation of Ste50p itself. Here, we show that Ste50p is phosphorylated on multiple serine/threonine residues in vivo. Threonine 42 (T42) is phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro, and the protein kinase responsible has been identified as casein kinase I. Replacement of T42 with alanine (T42A) compromises Ste50p function. This mutation abolishes the ability of overexpressed Ste50p to suppress either the mating defect of a ste20 ste50 deletion mutant or the mating defect of a strain with a Ste11p deleted from its sterile-alpha motif domain. Replacement of T42 with a phosphorylation-mimetic aspartic acid residue (T42D) permits wild-type function in all assays of Ste50p function. These results suggest that phosphorylation of T42 of Ste50p is required for proper signaling in the mating response. However, this phosphorylation does not seem to have a detectable role in modulating the high-osmolarity glycerol synthesis pathway.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-132 controls water homeostasis through regulating MECP2-mediated vasopressin synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. F1129-F1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Bijkerk ◽  
Christiane Trimpert ◽  
Coen van Solingen ◽  
Ruben G. de Bruin ◽  
Barend W. Florijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Avp Gene

Fine-tuning of the body’s water balance is regulated by vasopressin (AVP), which induces the expression and apical membrane insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels and subsequent water reabsorption in the kidney. Here we demonstrate that silencing of microRNA-132 (miR-132) in mice causes severe weight loss due to acute diuresis coinciding with increased plasma osmolality, reduced renal total and plasma membrane expression of aquaporin-2, and abrogated increase in AVP levels. Infusion with synthetic AVP fully reversed the antagomir-132-induced diuresis, and low-dose intracerebroventricular administration of antagomir-132 similarly caused acute diuresis. Central and intracerebroventricular antagomir-132 injection both decreased hypothalamic AVP mRNA levels. At the molecular level, antagomir-132 increased the in vivo and in vitro mRNA expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2), which is a miR-132 target and which blocks AVP gene expression by binding its enhancer region. In line with this, treatment of hypothalamic N6 cells with a high-salt solution increased its miR-132 levels, whereas it attenuated endogenous Mecp2 mRNA levels. In conclusion, we identified miR-132 as a first miRNA regulating the osmotic balance by regulating the hypothalamic AVP gene mRNA expression.

scholarly journals Casein kinase II phosphorylation site mutations in c-Myb affect DNA binding and transcriptional cooperativity with NF-M.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 5966-5974 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Oelgeschläger ◽  
J Krieg ◽  
J M Lüscher-Firzlaff ◽  
B Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Casein Kinase Ii ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
A Site

Phosphorylation of c-Myb has been implicated in the regulation of the binding of c-Myb to DNA. We show that murine c-Myb is phosphorylated at Ser-11 and -12 in vivo and that these sites can be phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II (CKII), analogous to chicken c-Myb. An efficient method to study DNA binding properties of full-length c-Myb and Myb mutants under nondenaturing conditions was developed. It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities. In agreement with this finding, Myb Ala-11/12 transactivated better than wild-type c-Myb and Myb Asp-11/12 on the mim-1 promoter or a synthetic Myb-responsive promoter. Similar observations were made for the myeloid-specific neutrophil elastase promoter. The presence of NF-M or an NF-M-like activity abolished partially the differences seen with the Ser-11/12 mutants, suggesting that the reduced DNA binding due to negative charge at positions 11 and 12 can be compensated for by NF-M. Since no direct interaction of c-Myb and NF-M was observed, we propose that the cooperativity is mediated by a third factor. Our data offer two possibilities for how casein kinase II phosphorylation can influence c-Myb function: first, by reducing c-Myb DNA binding and thereby influencing transactivation, and second, by enhancing the apparent cooperativity between c-Myb and NF-M or an NF-M-like activity.

scholarly journals RAB6 GTPase regulates mammary secretory function by controlling the activation of STAT5

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (19) ◽  
pp. dev190744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Cayre ◽  
Marisa M. Faraldo ◽  
Sabine Bardin ◽  
Stéphanie Miserey-Lenkei ◽  
Marie-Ange Deugnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Rab Gtpases ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Transport Pathways

ABSTRACTThe Golgi-associated RAB GTPases, RAB6A and RAB6A′, regulate anterograde and retrograde transport pathways from and to the Golgi. In vitro, RAB6A/A′ control several cellular functions including cell division, migration, adhesion and polarity. However, their role remains poorly described in vivo. Here, we generated BlgCre; Rab6aF/F mice presenting a specific deletion of Rab6a in the mammary luminal secretory lineage during gestation and lactation. Rab6a loss severely impaired the differentiation, maturation and maintenance of the secretory tissue, compromising lactation. The mutant epithelium displayed a decreased activation of STAT5, a key regulator of the lactogenic process primarily governed by prolactin. Data obtained with a mammary epithelial cell line suggested that defective STAT5 activation might originate from a perturbed transport of the prolactin receptor, altering its membrane expression and signaling cascade. Despite the major functional defects observed upon Rab6a deletion, the polarized organization of the mammary epithelial bilayer was preserved. Altogether, our data reveal a crucial role for RAB6A/A′ in the lactogenic function of the mammary gland and suggest that the trafficking pathways controlled by RAB6A/A′ depend on cell-type specialization and tissue context.

scholarly journals Casein Kinase 2 Binds to the C Terminus of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) and Stimulates NHE3 Basal Activity by Phosphorylating a Separate Site in NHE3

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 3859-3870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiquel Sarker ◽  
Mads Grønborg ◽  
Boyoung Cha ◽  
Sachin Mohan ◽  
Yueping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Casein Kinase 2 ◽  
Kinase Assay ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Separate Site ◽  
A Site

Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) is the epithelial-brush border isoform responsible for most intestinal and renal Na+ absorption. Its activity is both up- and down-regulated under normal physiological conditions, and it is inhibited in most diarrheal diseases. NHE3 is phosphorylated under basal conditions and Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors stimulate basal exchange activity; however, the kinases involved are unknown. To identify kinases that regulate NHE3 under basal conditions, NHE3 was immunoprecipitated; LC-MS/MS of trypsinized NHE3 identified a novel phosphorylation site at S719 of the C terminus, which was predicted to be a casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation site. This was confirmed by an in vitro kinase assay. The NHE3-S719A mutant but not NHE3-S719D had reduced NHE3 activity due to less plasma membrane NHE3. This was due to reduced exocytosis plus decreased plasma membrane delivery of newly synthesized NHE3. Also, NHE3 activity was inhibited by the CK2 inhibitor 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole DMAT when wild-type NHE3 was expressed in fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells, but the NHE3-S719 mutant was fully resistant to DMAT. CK2 bound to the NHE3 C-terminal domain, between amino acids 590 and 667, a site different from the site it phosphorylates. CK2 binds to the NHE3 C terminus and stimulates basal NHE3 activity by phosphorylating a separate single site on the NHE3 C terminus (S719), which affects NHE3 trafficking.

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