Neurotrophic factors enhance the survival of muscle fibers in EDL, but not SOL, after neonatal nerve injury

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. C950-C959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Mousavi ◽  
Wilson Miranda ◽  
David J. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Cross Sectional

Neonatal sciatic nerve crush results in a sustained reduction of the mass of both extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles in the rat. Type IIB fibers are selectively lost from EDL. We have investigated the effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) combined with neurotrophin (NT)-3 or NT-4 on muscle mass, as well as the number, cross-sectional area, and distribution of muscle fiber types and the number of motor neurons innervating EDL and SOL 3 mo after transient axotomy 5 days after birth. Both NT treatments prevented the axotomy-induced loss of muscle mass in both EDL and SOL and of total number of muscle fibers in EDL but not in SOL. Although IIB fiber loss was not prevented, both NT treatments resulted in altered fiber type distribution. Both NT combinations also reduced the loss of EDL motor neurons. These data suggest that a differential distribution of NT receptors on either motor neurons or muscle fibers may lead to different levels of susceptibility to neonatal axotomy.

scholarly journals lncRNA-Six1 Is a Target of miR-1611 that Functions as a ceRNA to Regulate Six1 Protein Expression and Fiber Type Switching in Chicken Myogenesis

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manting Ma ◽  
Bolin Cai ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Bahareldin Ali Abdalla ◽  
Zhenhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Slow Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Slow Twitch Fibers ◽  
Fast Twitch

Emerging studies indicate important roles for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as essential regulators in myogenesis, but relatively less is known about their function. In our previous study, we found that lncRNA-Six1 can regulate Six1 in cis to participate in myogenesis. Here, we studied a microRNA (miRNA) that is specifically expressed in chickens (miR-1611). Interestingly, miR-1611 was found to contain potential binding sites for both lncRNA-Six1 and Six1, and it can interact with lncRNA-Six1 to regulate Six1 expression. Overexpression of miR-1611 represses the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Moreover, miR-1611 is highly expressed in slow-twitch fibers, and it drives the transformation of fast-twitch muscle fibers to slow-twitch muscle fibers. Together, these data demonstrate that miR-1611 can mediate the regulation of Six1 by lncRNA-Six1, thereby affecting proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and transformation of muscle fiber types.

Enzyme profiles of single muscle fibers never exposed to normal neuromuscular activity

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1150-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hoffmann ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
C. E. Blanco ◽  
V. R. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Myosin Atpase ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Spinal Transection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

Do muscle fiber properties commonly associated with fiber types in adult animals and the population distribution of these properties require normal activation patterns to develop? To address this issue, the activity of an oxidative [succinic dehydrogenase (SDH)] and a glycolytic [alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD)] marker enzyme, the characteristics of myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (myosin ATPase, alkaline preincubation), and the cross-sectional area of single fibers were studied. The soleus and medial gastrocnemius of normal adult cats were compared with cats that 6 mo earlier had been spinally transected at T12-T13 at 2 wk of age. In control cats, SDH activity was higher in dark than light ATPase fibers in the soleus and higher in light than dark ATPase fibers in the medial gastrocnemius. After transection, SDH activity was similar to control in both muscles. GPD activity appeared to be elevated in some fibers in each fiber type in both muscles after transection. The cross-sectional areas most affected by spinal transection were light ATPase fibers of the soleus and dark ATPase fibers of the medial gastrocnemius, the predominant fiber type in each muscle. These data demonstrate that although the muscle fibers of cats spinalized at 2 wk of age presumably were never exposed to normal levels of activation, the activity of an oxidative marker enzyme was maintained or elevated 6 mo after spinal transection. Furthermore, although the absolute enzyme activities in some fibers were elevated by transection, three functional protein systems commonly associated with fiber types, i.e., hydrolysis of ATP by myosin ATPase and glycolytic (GPD) and oxidative (SHD) metabolism, developed in a coordinated manner typical of normal adult muscles.

BDNF rescues myosin heavy chain IIB muscle fibers after neonatal nerve injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. C22-C29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Mousavi ◽  
David J. Parry ◽  
Bernard J. Jasmin
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Combined Administration

Neonatal sciatic nerve injury is known to result in an extensive loss of lumbar motor neurons as well as the disappearance of their respective muscle fibers in the hindlimb musculature. The loss of motor neurons and muscle fibers can be prevented by immediate administration of target-derived neurotrophic factors to the site of injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the survival and maturation of a subset of motor neurons innervating the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. We have shown that combined administration of CNTF and BDNF prevented the loss of motor units after neonatal nerve injury and contributed to the maintenance of muscle mass. Importantly, this combined neurotrophin regimen also prevented the disappearance of muscle fibers that express myosin heavy chain IIB (MyHC IIB) in both EDL and TA muscles 3 mo after neonatal sciatic nerve crush. In parallel studies, we observed a higher level of BDNF in EDL muscle during the critical period of development when motor neurons are highly susceptible to target removal. Given our previous findings that combined administration of CNTF with neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) or neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) did not result in the rescue of MyHC IIB fibers in EDL, the present results show the importance of muscle-derived BDNF in the survival and maturation of a subpopulation of motor neurons and of MyHC IIB muscle fibers during neonatal development of the neuromuscular system.

scholarly journals LncRNA-FKBP1C regulates muscle fiber type switching by affecting the stability of MYH1B

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-ao Yu ◽  
Zhijun Wang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Manting Ma ◽  
Zhenhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Muscle Genes

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well-known to participate in a variety of important regulatory processes in myogenesis. In our previous RNA-seq study (accession number GSE58755), we found that lncRNA-FKBP1C was differentially expressed between White Recessive Rock (WRR) and Xinghua (XH) chicken. Here, we have further demonstrated that lncRNA-FKBP1C interacted directly with MYH1B by biotinylated RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Protein stability and degradation experiments identified that lncRNA-FKBP1C enhanced the protein stability of MYH1B. Overexpression of lncRNA-FKBP1C inhibited myoblasts proliferation, promoted myoblasts differentiation, and participated in the formation of skeletal muscle fibers. LncRNA-FKBP1C could downregulate the fast muscle genes and upregulate slow muscle genes. Conversely, its interference promoted cell proliferation, repressed cell differentiation, and drove the transformation of slow-twitch muscle fibers to fast-twitch muscle fibers. Similar results were observed after knockdown of the MYH1B gene, but the difference was that the MYH1B gene had no effects on fast muscle fibers. In short, these data demonstrate that lncRNA-FKBP1C could bound with MYH1B and enhance its protein stability, thus affecting proliferation, differentiation of myoblasts and conversion of skeletal muscle fiber types.

Distribution of muscle fiber types and EMG activity in cat intercostal muscles

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1208-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Greer ◽  
T. P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

The electromyogram (EMG) activity and histochemical properties of intercostal muscles in the anesthetized cat were studied. The parasternal muscles were consistently active during inspiration. The external intercostals in the rostral spaces and the ventral portions of the midthoracic spaces were also recruited during inspiration. The remaining external intercostals were typically silent, regardless of the level of respiratory drive. The internal intercostal muscles located in the caudal spaces were occasionally recruited during expiration. There was a clear correlation between recruitment patterns of the intercostals and the histochemically defined fiber type properties of the muscles. Intercostal muscles that were routinely recruited during inspiration had a significantly higher proportion of slow-oxidative muscle fibers.

Physiological, morphological, and histochemical properties of cat external anal sphincter

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. G772-G778 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krier ◽  
T. Adams ◽  
R. A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Stimulation Of

The contractile properties, morphology, and the distribution of striated muscle fiber types of the external and sphincter (EAS) were determined using axial force measurements, fiber size cross-sectional area measurements, and histochemistry. Electrical stimulation of motor axons in pudendal nerve at supramaximal intensities (10 V, 0.05 ms duration) elicited twitch contractions of EAS. The time to peak force after a single pulse ranged from 37 to 42 ms. The time for relaxation to half-maximal twitch force ranged from 20 to 29 ms. Repetitive stimulation of motor axons (0.1-3.0 Hz) produced potentiation and fatigue of single twitch contractile force, suggesting that the EAS of the cat is comprised predominantly of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Confirmation of skeletal muscle fiber types was determined by histochemistry. Frozen serial cross sections of EAS were incubated to demonstrate succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and myosin adenosine triphosphatase after alkaline preincubation (pH 10.4). Based on these reactions, muscle fibers were classified as fast glycolytic (FG) (high ATPase, low SDH), fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) (high ATPase, high SDH), and slow oxidative (SO) (low ATPase, high SDH). The mean percentage +/- SE of each histochemical type was the following: FG, 73.5 +/- 3.9; FOG, 22.8 +/- 3.7; and SO, 3.7 +/- 0.6. These results indicate that the predominant fiber type for the EAS is FG. The EAS of the cat is considered a nominally fast-twitch muscle.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of Laryngeal Muscles in Normal Horses and Horses With Subclinical Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 787-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah S. Rhee ◽  
Catherine M. Steel ◽  
Frederik J. Derksen ◽  
N. Edward Robinson ◽  
Joseph F.Y. Hoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Slow Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
The Right

We used immunohistochemistry to examine myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-based fiber-type profiles of the right and left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) and arytenoideus transversus (TrA) muscles of six horses without laryngoscopic evidence of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). Results showed that CAD and TrA muscles have the same slow, 2a, and 2x fibers as equine limb muscles, but not the faster contracting fibers expressing extraocular and 2B MyHCs found in laryngeal muscles of small mammals. Muscles from three horses showed fiber-type grouping bilaterally in the TrA muscles, but only in the left CAD. Fiber-type grouping suggests that denervation and reinnervation of fibers had occurred, and that these horses had subclinical RLN. There was a virtual elimination of 2x fibers in these muscles, accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of 2a and slow fibers, and hypertrophy of these fiber types. The results suggest that multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are at work in early RLN, including selective denervation and reinnervation of 2x muscle fibers, corruption of neural impulse traffic that regulates 2x and slow muscle fiber types, and compensatory hypertrophy of remaining fibers. We conclude that horses afflicted with mild RLN are able to remain subclinical by compensatory hypertrophy of surviving muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Effect of production factors on muscle fiber type and dimensions in the m. semimembranosus of crossbred steer carcasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
Anusha Sivakumar ◽  
Patience Coleman ◽  
Bimol C Roy ◽  
Heather L Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups

The muscle fibers that have been examined in the study were affected by three different controlled factors: steroids, ractopamine and residual feed intake (RFI). By examining the effects of the controlled factors on cattle’s muscle fibers, it can be determined if they affect different meat properties, such as meat toughness, collagen solubility and muscle fiber quality. The research had been done specifically with m. semimembranosus (SM) of crossbred steers. Although some may be concerned with the health effects of steroids and other materials, no negative effects to the health of the cattle were observed after the use of steroids. This is because the hormones being introduced into the cattle’s body already exist in the animal. In addition, the same concept applies to humans who consume the meat, preventing harm the people who consume it. For this study, 48 crossbred angus steers were used, 12 for each of the different treatment groups. The control group consisted of no steroids and no ractopamine. The second group was not treated with steroid but with ractopamine. The third group was treated with steroids but no ractopamine. Finally, the fourth group was treated with both, the steroids and the ractopamine. For each SM muscle, 1-inch thick steaks were cut and from those steaks, 1cm3 cubes were cut. These cubes were frozen in dry ice acetone until they are ready to be sectioned. Cubes are placed in the cryostat and sliced into serial sections of 10µm. These serial sections are then mounted onto dry slide glass and stored in a freezer at -80ºC until they are to be stained. The staining process helps to identify the different types of muscle fibers in the samples. From the muscle fiber types, the average sizes of each muscle fiber is calculated to identify inconsistencies among the different treatment groups. Conclusions will be drawn based on the inconsistencies found (if any).

The KATP channel Kir6.2 subunit content is higher in glycolytic than oxidative skeletal muscle fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R916-R925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Banas ◽  
Charlene Clow ◽  
Bernard J. Jasmin ◽  
Jean-Marc Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
The Individual

It has long been suggested that in skeletal muscle, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) channel is important in protecting energy levels and that abolishing its activity causes fiber damage and severely impairs function. The responses to a lack of KATP channel activity vary between muscles and fibers, with the severity of the impairment being the highest in the most glycolytic muscle fibers. Furthermore, glycolytic muscle fibers are also expected to face metabolic stress more often than oxidative ones. The objective of this study was to determine whether the t-tubular KATP channel content differs between muscles and fiber types. KATP channel content was estimated using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence approach by staining cross sections from soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles with anti-Kir6.2 antibody. Fiber types were determined using serial cross sections stained with specific antimyosin I, IIA, IIB, and IIX antibodies. Changes in Kir6.2 content were compared with changes in CaV1.1 content, as this Ca2+ channel is responsible for triggering Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Kir6.2 content was the lowest in the oxidative soleus and the highest in the glycolytic EDL and FDB. At the individual fiber level, the Kir6.2 content within a muscle was in the order of type IIB > IIX > IIA ≥ I. Interestingly, the Kir6.2 content for a given fiber type was significantly different between soleus, EDL, and FDB, and highest in FDB. Correlations of relative fluorescence intensities from the Kir6.2 and CaV1.1 antibodies were significant for all three muscles. However, the variability in content between the three muscles or individual fibers was much greater for Kir6.2 than for CaV1.1. It is suggested that the t-tubular KATP channel content increases as the glycolytic capacity increases and as the oxidative capacity decreases and that the expression of KATP channels may be linked to how often muscles/fibers face metabolic stress.

Rostrocaudal pattern of fiber-type changes in an overloaded rat ankle extensor

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Gardiner ◽  
B. J. Jasmin ◽  
P. Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertrophic Response ◽  
Type I Fibers

Our aim was to quantify the overload-induced hypertrophy and conversion of fiber types (type II to I) occurring in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MG). Overload of MG was induced by a bilateral tenotomy/retraction of synergists, followed by 12–18 wk of regular treadmill locomotion (2 h of walking/running per day on 3 of 4 days). We counted all type I fibers and determined type I and II mean fiber areas in eight equidistant sections taken along the length of control and overloaded MG. Increase in muscle weights (31%), as well as in total muscle cross-sectional areas (37%) and fiber areas (type I, 57%; type II, 34%), attested to a significant hypertrophic response in overloaded MG. An increase in type I fiber composition of MG from 7.0 to 11.5% occurred as a result of overload, with the greatest and only statistically significant changes (approximately 70–100%) being found in sections taken from the most rostral 45% of the muscle length. Results of analysis of sections taken from the largest muscle girth showed that it significantly underestimated the extent of fiber conversion that occurred throughout the muscle as a whole. These data obtained on the MG, which possesses a compartmentalization of fiber types, support the notion that all fiber types respond to this model with a similar degree of hypertrophy. Also, they emphasize the complex nature of the adaptive changes that occur in these types of muscles as a result of overload.

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