Endurance exercise increases skeletal muscle kynurenine aminotransferases and plasma kynurenic acid in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (10) ◽  
pp. C836-C840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Schlittler ◽  
Michel Goiny ◽  
Leandro Z. Agudelo ◽  
Tomas Venckunas ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Kynurenine Metabolism

Physical exercise has emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with depressive disorder. Recent animal studies show that exercise protects from depression by increased skeletal muscle kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) expression which shifts the kynurenine metabolism away from the neurotoxic kynurenine (KYN) to the production of kynurenic acid (KYNA). In the present study, we investigated the effect of exercise on kynurenine metabolism in humans. KAT gene and protein expression was increased in the muscles of endurance-trained subjects compared with untrained subjects. Endurance exercise caused an increase in plasma KYNA within the first hour after exercise. In contrast, a bout of high-intensity eccentric exercise did not lead to increased plasma KYNA concentration. Our results show that regular endurance exercise causes adaptations in kynurenine metabolism which can have implications for exercise recommendations for patients with depressive disorder.

scholarly journals Acute HIIE elicits similar changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 release, respiration, and cell signaling as endurance exercise even with less work

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. R1003-R1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Trewin ◽  
Lewan Parker ◽  
Christopher S. Shaw ◽  
Danielle S. Hiam ◽  
Andrew Garnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
High Intensity Interval

It remains unclear whether high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) elicits distinct molecular responses to traditional endurance exercise relative to the total work performed. We aimed to investigate the influence of exercise intensity on acute perturbations to skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiration and reactive oxygen species) and metabolic and redox signaling responses. In a randomized, repeated measures crossover design, eight recreationally active individuals (24 ± 5 yr; V̇o2peak: 48 ± 11 ml·kg−1·min−1) undertook continuous moderate-intensity [CMIE: 30 min, 50% peak power output (PPO)], high-intensity interval (HIIE: 5 × 4 min, 75% PPO, work matched to CMIE), and low-volume sprint interval (SIE: 4 × 30 s) exercise, ≥7 days apart. Each session included muscle biopsies at baseline, immediately, and 3 h postexercise for high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry ( Jo2) and H2O2 emission ( Jh2o2) and gene and protein expression analysis. Immediately postexercise and irrespective of protocol, Jo2 increased during complex I + II leak/state 4 respiration but Jh2o2 decreased ( P < 0.05). AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl co-A carboxylase phosphorylation increased ~1.5 and 2.5-fold respectively, while thioredoxin-reductase-1 protein abundance was ~35% lower after CMIE vs. SIE ( P < 0.05). At 3 h postexercise, regardless of protocol, Jo2 was lower during both ADP-stimulated state 3 OXPHOS and uncoupled respiration ( P < 0.05) but Jh2o2 trended higher ( P < 0.08) and PPARGC1A mRNA increased ~13-fold, and peroxiredoxin-1 protein decreased ~35%. In conclusion, intermittent exercise performed at high intensities has similar dynamic effects on muscle mitochondrial function compared with endurance exercise, irrespective of whether total workload is matched. This suggests exercise prescription can accommodate individual preferences while generating comparable molecular signals known to promote beneficial metabolic adaptations.

Effects of ACE inhibition on endurance exercise haemodynamics in trained subjects with mild hypertension

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palatini ◽  
S. Bongiovi ◽  
L. Mario ◽  
P. Mormino ◽  
A.C. Pessina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Trained Subjects

SAT0464 Metabolic Effects in Skeletal Muscle of Endurance Exercise in Patients with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 828.2-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alemo Munters ◽  
M. Dastmalchi ◽  
E. Lindroos ◽  
C. Ottosson ◽  
H. Alexanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Effects

Skeletal muscle biochemical adaptations to exercise training in miniature swine

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1862-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. McAllister ◽  
Brian L. Reiter ◽  
John F. Amann ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase

McAllister, Richard M., Brian L. Reiter, John F. Amann, and M. Harold Laughlin. Skeletal muscle biochemical adaptations to exercise training in miniature swine. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 1862–1868, 1997.—The primary purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that endurance exercise training induces increased oxidative capacity in porcine skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, female miniature swine were either trained by treadmill running 5 days/wk over 16–20 wk (Trn; n = 35) or pen confined (Sed; n = 33). Myocardial hypertrophy, lower heart rates during submaximal stages of a maximal treadmill running test, and increased running time to exhaustion during that test were indicative of training efficacy. A variety of skeletal muscles were sampled and subsequently assayed for the enzymes citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase and for antioxidant enzymes. Fiber type composition of a representative muscle was also determined histochemically. The largest increase in CS activity (62%) was found in the gluteus maximus muscle (Sed, 14.7 ± 1.1 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g−1; Trn, 23.9 ± 1.0; P < 0.0005). Muscles exhibiting increased CS activity, however, were located primarily in the forelimb; ankle and knee extensor and respiratory muscles were unchanged with training. Only two muscles exhibited higher 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in Trn compared with Sed. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was unchanged with training, as were activities of antioxidant enzymes. Histochemical analysis of the triceps brachii muscle (long head) revealed lower type IIB fiber numbers in Trn (Sed, 42 ± 6%; Trn, 10 ± 4; P < 0.01) and greater type IID/X fiber numbers (Sed, 11 ± 2; Trn, 22 ± 3; P < 0.025). These findings indicate that porcine skeletal muscle adapts to endurance exercise training in a manner similar to muscle of humans and other animal models, with increased oxidative capacity. Specific muscles exhibiting these adaptations, however, differ between the miniature swine and other species.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis and respiration in response to the energetic stress of an ultra-endurance race

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Konopka ◽  
William M. Castor ◽  
Christopher A. Wolff ◽  
Robert V. Musci ◽  
Justin J. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Endurance Athlete ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ultra Endurance

The 2016 Colorado Trail Race (CTR) was an ultra-endurance mountain bike race in which competitors cycled for up to 24 h/day between altitudes of 1,675 and 4,025 m to complete 800 km and 21,000 m of elevation gain. In one athlete, we had the unique opportunity to characterize skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial respiration in response to a normal activity control period (CON) and the CTR. We hypothesized that mitochondrial protein synthesis would be elevated and mitochondrial respiration would be maintained during the extreme stresses of the CTR. Titrated and bolus doses of ADP were provided to determine substrate-specific oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transport system (ETS) capacities in permeabilized muscle fibers via high-resolution respirometry. Protein synthetic rates were determined by daily oral consumption of deuterium oxide (2H2O). The endurance athlete had OXPHOS (226 pmol·s−1·mg tissue−1) and ETS (231 pmol·s−1·mg tissue−1) capacities that rank among the highest published to date in humans. Mitochondrial (3.2-fold), cytoplasmic (2.3-fold), and myofibrillar (1.5-fold) protein synthesis rates were greater during CTR compared with CON. With titrated ADP doses, the apparent Km of ADP, OXPHOS, and ETS increased after the CTR. With provision of ADP boluses after the CTR, the addition of fatty acids (−12 and −14%) mitigated the decline in OXPHOS and ETS capacity during carbohydrate-supported respiration (−26 and −31%). In the face of extreme stresses during the CTR, elevated rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis may contribute to rapid adaptations in mitochondrial bioenergetics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms that maintain skeletal muscle function during extreme stresses remain incompletely understood. In the current study, greater rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis during the energetic demands of ultra-endurance exercise may contribute to rapid adaptations in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The endurance athlete herein achieved mitochondrial respiratory capacities among the highest published for humans. Greater mitochondrial protein synthesis during ultra-endurance exercise may contribute to improved mitochondrial respiration and serve as a mechanism to resist cellular energetic stresses.

scholarly journals Changes in skeletal muscle protein synthesis in trained adults during recovery from endurance exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Vislocky ◽  
P. Courtney Gaine ◽  
Matthew Pikosky ◽  
Douglas Bolster ◽  
Arny Ferrando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis
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