scholarly journals Sourcebook update: intestinal smooth muscle contractility and autonomic control

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Langton
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Gut Motility ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Authentic Inquiry ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Functional Antagonism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design Experiments

This laboratory practical requires first-year students to anticipate the effects of drugs active at cholinergic and adrenergic receptors on gut motility in order to design experiments during an authentic inquiry exercise. Rather than specifying a strict sequence of drug additions that aim to provide ideal demonstrations of pharmacological and physiological antagonism, I have instead designed switches into the drugs provided and set students, working in small teams, the task of identifying the switched drugs, an inquiry activity. To extend the teamwork aspect, laboratory reports were submitted by the student teams rather than individual students. Staff observed that discussions within the teams were stimulated by the inquiry-led nature of the practical. The quality of the laboratory reports submitted by teams were substantially improved over the individual reports submitted in previous years. (Students previously worked in teams, but simply followed a list of prescribed experiments and wrote individual reports.) Although, in conversation, teams of students had an improved understanding of the regulation of gut motility by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and could readily distinguish between pharmacological and functional antagonism, no attempt was made to evaluate learning because the revision was triggered by the observed effect of a technical error and was not otherwise planned. It is likely that laboratory practicals, in general, would benefit from inclusion of inquiry.

scholarly journals A Structural Equation Model for Analysis of Factors Associated with the Choice of Engineering Degrees in a Technical University

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Hervás ◽  
Joan Guàrdia Olmos ◽  
Maribel Peró Cebollero ◽  
Roberto Capilla Lladró ◽  
Pedro Pablo Soriano Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Engineering Degree ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Individual

Many different factors are taken into account by students when choosing a degree and university. Some of these are general considerations, such as the quality of the degree course (ratio of available places/places in first choice, cut-off mark, etc.), while others are subjective factors (e.g., friends doing the same course). This paper presents a partial multivariate model that considers the weight of the different variables linked to this decision, as identified in the bibliography. We analyzed four samples of first-year students (totaln=1790) from different engineering degree courses at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 academic years. All the students involved in the study had chosen this university and their courses as their first option. The overall effect shows that the structural model adjusts reasonably well to the different engineering courses analyzed. Similarly, the individual models for each engineering degree manage to identify the different effects involved. In the case of the engineering degree based on new technologies (ICT), the statistical effects are much greater and more statistically significant than in the other three branches of engineering considered. Social and individual factors were seen to have more impact on the choice of ICT degrees at the UPV.

scholarly journals Readiness to Risk in Non-Standard Situation of Interaction in Students of Pedagogical and Non-Pedagogical Specialties

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
G. Mitin
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Level ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Standard Situation ◽  
Training Seminar

In the theoretical and empirical study it was shown that risk readiness is a personal quality of the optimal level of development that determines the effectiveness of pedagogical interaction, and is manifested in teachers (future teachers) whose activities correspond to the model of professional development. The optimal level of readiness for risk is associated with the individual psychological characteristics of students (future teachers): self-awareness, communicative competence, flexibility. The highest rates of risk readiness were found in first-year students, the lowest in graduate students. The level of readiness for risk among students (farmers of 1 to 4 year of study) has not changed. Specially developed training seminar is an effective tool for optimizing the level of risk preparedness.

Study time, glasses utilization and age affect quality of life among senior first-year Chinese myopia students

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212098252
Author(s):  
Ziqian Zhu ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Jiezheng Yang ◽  
Qiaoli Li ◽  
HuanHuan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Study Time ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
First Year Students

Purpose: To compare the quality of life of senior first-year students with normal vision and myopia, and to explore the risk factors related to quality of life in students with myopia. Methods: In this study, 1103 senior first-year students were enrolled in ten high schools. These students were divided according to the diopter degree, with 916 myopia students and 187 normal vision students. Visual function indexes, such as naked eye vision, were measured and recorded, and social demographic indexes and the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) was used. The differences in quality of life between the two groups were compared. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the possible risk factors for quality of life in myopia students. Results: In the NEI VFQ-25, the total quality of life scores of myopia students (77.06 ± 15.66) were lower than those of normal vision students (85.49 ± 12.37). The difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.007). In the correlation analysis, the total scores of quality of life in myopia students were positively correlated with wearing glasses ( p = 0.049), and were negatively correlated with study time ( p = 0.029). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that study time, wearing glasses and age were risk factors affecting quality of life in myopia students. Conclusion: Our results show that senior first-year myopia students have lower quality of life scores than students with normal vision. Study time, wearing glasses and age are risk factors for quality of life in senior first-year myopia students.

Criteria and indicators associated with adaptation to the educational process of first-year students at the university

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Evgeniya N. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
First Year ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The University

The issue of adaptation of modern first-year students to the educational process at the university is one of the current pedagogical tasks. Successful adaptation significantly affects the quality of received education, the degree of formation of personal and professional qualities, contributes to the development of motivation, self-education, and self-development. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the criteria, indicators, and levels of adaptation of first-year students to the learning process at the university. The material for the study was the domestic scientific sources of studying the peculiarities of the adaptation process of students to educational activities in higher education. Research methods: analysis and generalization of psychological-pedagogical and educational-methodical literature on the research topic. We determine as the main criteria for the adaptation of first-year students to the university, the adaptive potential and professionally important qualities of students, consider these concepts, their structure, and their basic properties. On the basis of the analysis and generalization of the existing indicators of the implementation of the adaptive potential, we formulate the author's indicators for determining the level of its development. The degree of formation of professionally important qualities of students are low, medium, and high levels of development of emotional intelligence, negative communicative attitude, intellectual lability, and stress tolerance.

scholarly journals TEAM MIDTERM IN AN INTRODUCTORY PROCESS DESIGN COURSE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnie V. Jamieson ◽  
John M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Summative Assessment ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reduced Time

The introductory design course combines team and individual formative and summative assessment techniques. Individual summative midterm and final examinations were used to assess individual performance.Students were given the opportunity to increase their individual midterm examination marks by rewriting the same examination as a team following the individual summative assessment. This formative exercise providedstudents with a comparison of the efficacy and quality of teamwork versus individual work, and provided immediate feedback and correction for many conceptual and mechanical errors on the summative midterm  examination. This paper reports on the strategy and set up of the midterm examination, the results obtained by individual students and student teams, and learning outcomes (including anecdotal comments from students regarding the experience and reduced time spent reviewing examinations with students) based on two iterations of the course.

scholarly journals Value Components of the Self-Image of Students of a Deontological Profile of Training at University

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Arshinova ◽  
M. A. Bilan ◽  
O. A. Braun ◽  
E. V. Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Senior Students

According to post-non-classical psychology, the values of mass consciousness act as a guideline for the moral behavior of the individual. This is especially important for a specialist whose work depends on the formation of professional and ethical principles of their personality. Deontological principles develop during training. The substantial characteristics of one’s self-image also develop at university. They approach the values of mass consciousness, which are the universal regulator of any form of human activity. The research featured the development of students' value orientations and the methods aimed at educating future deontology specialist. Such methods are usually based on post-non-classical psychology. Currently, this is the most important scientific matter in educational psychology. The article focuses on the temporal characteristics of the development of value components of the self-image in students of the deontological profile. The authors identified the main value components that characterize the development of moral and ethical principles in students at all stages of training. The values proved to undergo several changes during the learning process. Utilitarian and hedonistic values were most pronounced in first-year students and maintained their first rank positions until graduation. According to M. S. Yanitskiy’s value types of personality, senior students demonstrated the intermediate type. The authors registered a certain discrepancy between students' ideas about professional values and the actual values they chose. This contradiction must be resolved during the training period.

scholarly journals New Physics Curriculum

2016 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Lynn Moran
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
The University ◽  
Physics Curriculum

Developing the critical thinking and problem-solving skills of students as rapidly as possible is a key requirement in improving learning outcomes at every stage of their degree. The Department of Physics at the University of Liverpool has entirely redeveloped years 1 and 2 of the undergraduate degree with a focus on students becoming independent learners as early as possible. The aims are to better integrate the undergraduate teaching provision and to complete the Institute of Physics core curriculum in years 1 and 2, in order to focus on research led teaching and independent projects in years 3 and 4. This new programme, entitled New Physics, starts in Welcome Week with the Undergraduate Physics Olympics and continues through the Year 1 Project (Mission to Mars) in the first week of semester one. The aim is to set the standard for collaborative achievement and introduce students to the way that physicists think. Innovative problem solving classes incorporating active learning such as peerassessment,group learning and exemplars designed to improve these skills andenhance the quality of learning among its first-year students have been introduced.

scholarly journals Socio-Psychological Training as a Tool for Correcting Antivital Experiences in First-Year Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Elena Victorovna Odinochkina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses the approaches to understanding antivital experiences, their actualization in first-year students in the process of adaptation to university studies; an empirical study of the effectiveness of socio-psychological training, built taking into account the individual results of the diagnosis of antivital experiences and vitality, is analyzed.

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