Teaching the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose using two classic papers by Shannon et al.

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir A. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Classic Papers ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Insight Into

Most of the transport along the nephron uses membrane proteins and exhibits the three characteristics of mediated transport: saturation, specificity, and competition. Glucose reabsorption in the nephron is an excellent example of the consequences of saturation. Two classic papers by James A. Shannon and colleagues clearly show the ability of the kidney in transporting glucose and its saturation process, providing students with examples of the handling of glucose by the kidney. In addition, these articles demonstrate how stable and reproducible is the transport maximum of glucose in the proximal tubule under different experimental conditions. One key figure from each classic paper can be used to give students insight into how glucose transport becomes saturated, resulting in the excretion of glucose in urine, and will also give students a clear example of how careful experimentation and a clear interest in renal physiology led Shannon and colleagues to advance the field.

Micropuncture study of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium in normal rodents

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Lassiter ◽  
Carl W. Gottschalk ◽  
Margaret Mylle
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Micropuncture Study ◽  
Calcium Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Distal Convolution

Anesthetized rats and hamsters were given Ca45 intravenously, and fluid was subsequently collected by micropuncture from glomeruli and surface tubules in the rats, and from loops of Henle in the hamsters. In nondiuretic animals, fluid:plasma calcium ratios averaged 0.71 in the glomerulus; 0.76 in the proximal tubule; 2.0 in the loop of Henle; 0.47 in the distal convolution; and 0.9 in ureteral urine. In mannitol diuresis, the calcium ratio of glomerular fluid was unchanged, but ratios as low as 0.21 were noted in the proximal tubule. In this circumstance, the average proximal ratio was 0.61, and the distal ratio 0.07. These results indicate active transport of calcium out of all major parts of the nephron, with the bulk of calcium reabsorption occurring in the convoluted portion of the proximal tubule. Furthermore, the pattern of tubular reabsorption of calcium is similar to that of sodium, suggesting that the two are related.

Renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and sodium in primary hyperparathyroidism

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Kristiansen ◽  
Jens Brøchner-Mortensen ◽  
Kaj O. Pedersen ◽  
Søren Jensen ◽  
Torben Glud
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Calcium Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Reabsorption Rate

Abstract. Nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied to investigate the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and sodium. Fasting serum and urine samples were analysed, and the glomerular filtration rate and the renal plasma clearance of lithium were determined simultaneously. Comparison was made with 9 ageand sex-matched normocalcemic controls. In the proximal tubule, there was a significantly higher absolute reabsorption of calcium in patients than in controls, whereas the fractional reabsorption rate of calcium did not differ between the two groups. In the distal tubule, the absolute calcium reabsorption rate was significantly higher in the patients, whereas the fractional reabsorption rate of calcium was significantly lower than in controls. In the patient group there was a significantly positive linear correlation between the increased tubular capacity for calsium reabsorption and the absolute proximal calcium reabsorption rate, but not between the increased capacity and the absolute distal calcium reabsorption rate. No significant differences were found in the renal tubular handling of sodium between patients and controls. Our results suggest that the increased capacity for tubular calcium reabsorption in primary hyperparathyroidism mainly is localized in the proximal tubule, and that the renal tubular handling of calcium and sodium in this disease differs from that in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.

Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Acetoacetate, Inorganic Sulfate and Inorganic Phosphate in the Dog as Affected by Glucose and Phlorizin

1955 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius J. Cohen ◽  
Fredrik Berglund ◽  
William D. Lotspeich
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

The effects of glucose and phlorizin on the maximal reabsorptive rates of acetoacetate, sulfate and phosphate were studied in the dog. Increased rates of glucose reabsorption depress maximal acetoacetate, sulfate and phosphate transport. Phlorizin not only reverses this depressant effect of glucose on these three ions, but actually raises their maximal reabsorptive rates above those of the control levels. These findings for acetoacetate and sulfate reabsorption are similar to those previously reported for phosphate reabsorption. The three ions, acetoacetate, sulfate and phosphate share a common reaction with glucose during their tubular transport. Glucose is the predominant compound, depressing any of the other three ions after they have reached maximal reabsorptive rates. The possible implications of these phenomena in the general problem of tubular transport are discussed.

The development of clearance methods for measurement of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. F868-F870 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Hostetter ◽  
T. W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Classic Papers ◽  
Clearance Methods

This essay looks at the historical significance of four APS classic papers that are freely available online: Jolliffe N, Shannon JA, and Smith HW. The excretion of urine in the dog. III. The use of non-metabolized sugars in the measurement of the glomerular filtrate. Am J Physiol 100: 301—312, 1932 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/100/2/301 ). Shannon JA. The excretion of inulin by the dog. Am J Physiol 112: 405—413, 1935 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/112/3/405 ). Shannon JA and Fisher S. The renal tubular reabsorption of glucose in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 122: 765—774, 1938 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/122/3/765 ). Shannon JA, Farber S, and Troast L. The measurement of glucose Tm in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 133: 752—761, 1941 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/133/3/752 ).

Experimental validation of the countercurrent model of urinary concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. F861-F863 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay looks at the historical significance of four APS classic papers that are freely available online: Jolliffe N, Shannon JA, and Smith HW. The excretion of urine in the dog. III. The use of non-metabolized sugars in the measurement of the glomerular filtrate. Am J Physiol 100: 301—312, 1932 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/100/2/301 ). Shannon JA. The excretion of inulin by the dog. Am J Physiol 112: 405—413, 1935 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/112/3/405 ). Shannon JA and Fisher S. The renal tubular reabsorption of glucose in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 122: 765—774, 1938 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/122/3/765 ). Shannon JA, Farber S, and Troast L. The measurement of glucose Tm in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 133: 752—761, 1941 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/133/3/752 ).

scholarly journals Early post-transplantation hypophosphatemia is associated with elevated FGF-23 levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Trombetti ◽  
Laura Richert ◽  
Karine Hadaya ◽  
Jean-Daniel Graf ◽  
François R Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Intact Pth ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Fgf 23

BackgroundWe examined the hypothesis that high FGF-23 levels early after transplantation contribute to the onset of hypophosphatemia, independently of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and other factors regulating phosphate metabolism.MethodsWe measured serum phosphate levels (sPi), renal tubular reabsorption of Pi (TmPi/GFR), estimated GFR (eGFR), intact PTH (iPTH), calcitriol, intact (int) and C-terminal (Cter) FGF-23, dietary Pi intake and cumulative doses of glucocorticoids in 69 patients 12 days (95% confidence interval, 10–13) after renal transplantation.ResultsHypophosphatemia was observed in 43 (62%) of the patients 12 days after transplantation. Compared with non-hypophosphatemic subjects, their post-transplantation levels of intact and CterFGF-23 were higher (195 (108–288) vs 48 (40–64) ng/l, P<0.002 for intFGF-23; 205 (116–384) vs 81 (55–124) U/ml, P<0.002, for CterFGF-23). In all subjects, Cter and intFGF-23 correlated inversely with sPi (r=−0.35, P<0.003; −0.35, P<0.003, respectively), and TmPi/GFR (r=−0.50, P<0.001; −0.54, P<0.001, respectively). In multivariate models, sPi and TmPi/GFR were independently associated with FGF-23, iPTH and eGFR. Pre-transplant iPTH levels were significantly higher in patients developing hypophosphatemia after renal transplantation. Pre-transplant levels of FGF-23 were not associated with sPi at the time of transplantation.ConclusionIn addition to PTH, elevated FGF-23 may contribute to hypophosphatemia during the early post-renal transplant period.

Renal tubular reabsorption of trace alkaline earths compared with calcium

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Joseph Rahill ◽  
Mackenzie Walser
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Constant Power ◽  
Calcium Clearance ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Renal Tubular

Simultaneous clearances of inulin, calcium, and either Be7, Ba140, or Ra226, given by constant infusion, were measured in salt-depleted dogs or dogs undergoing mild saline, mannitol, or sulfate diuresis. Urine-to-plasma ratios of all three cations less than 0.5 were noted, suggesting that all can be actively reabsorbed. Clearances of barium and radium were correlated with calcium clearance, but the clearance of beryllium was unpredictable. Protein binding of beryllium was shown to be of the same order of magnitude as other alkaline earths when errors due to adsorption of Be7 onto containers were minimized. Protein binding of barium averaged 54%. The excreted-to-filtered ratio for barium was a constant power (.54) of the ratio for calcium. The data do not exclude the possibility that these cations are reabsorbed by a common transport mechanism with calcium.

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