Teaching the physiology of adaptation to hypoxic stress with the aid of a classic paper on high altitude by Houston and Riley

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etain A. Tansey
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
American Physiological Society ◽  
Subsequent Publication ◽  
Oxygen Transport System ◽  
Classic Paper

Many pathological conditions exist where tissues exhibit hypoxia or low oxygen tension. Hypoxic hypoxia arises when there is a reduction in the amount of oxygen entering the blood and occurs in healthy people at high altitude. In 1946, research sponsored by the United States Navy led to the collection and subsequent publication of masses of data demonstrating the physiological consequences and adaptations of ascent to high altitude. This article describes how a figure from a 1947 paper from the American Physiological Society Legacy collection (Houston CS, Riley RL. Respiratory and circulatory changes during acclimatization to high altitude. Am J Physiol 149: 565–588) may be used to allow students to review their understanding of some of the generalized effects of hypoxia on the body. In particular, this figure summarizes some of the adaptive responses that take place in the oxygen transport system as a consequence of prolonged hypoxia.

Basal metabolic rate and body composition at high altitudes

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Picó;n-Reátegui
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition were determined in 17 healthy adult males living at an altitude of 14,900 ft above sea level. Using body surface area as a standard of reference and following the criterion of Boothby et al. ( Am. J. Physiol. 116: 468, 1936), the BMR of the high-altitude resident fell within the limits considered normal for healthy adults at sea level. A comparison with the data obtained by investigators in the United States and in India shows that, when either fat-free body mass (FFM), cell mass (C), or cell solids (S) are the standard of reference, the BMR is higher in the high-altitude resident. The higher O2 consumption per kilogram of FFM, C, or S in the high-altitude resident seems to be one of the many mechanisms developed by the body in its process of adaptation to the low O2 tension. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Melquiades Huayna-Vera) Submitted on October 24, 1960

scholarly journals HAHmiR.DB: a server platform for high-altitude human miRNA–gene coregulatory networks and associated regulatory circuits

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Khurana ◽  
Apoorv Gupta ◽  
Ragumani Sugadev ◽  
Yogendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Bhuvnesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Mirna Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Tf Gene

Abstract Around 140 million people live in high-altitude (HA) conditions! and even a larger number visit such places for tourism, adventure-seeking or sports training. Rapid ascent to HA can cause severe damage to the body organs and may lead to many fatal disorders. During induction to HA, human body undergoes various physiological, biochemical, hematological and molecular changes to adapt to the extreme environmental conditions. Several literature references hint that gene-expression-regulation and regulatory molecules like miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) control adaptive responses during HA stress. These biomolecules are known to interact in a complex combinatorial manner to fine-tune the gene expression and help in controlling the molecular responses during this stress and ultimately help in acclimatization. High-Altitude Human miRNA Database (HAHmiR.DB) is a unique, comprehensive and curated collection of miRNAs that have been experimentally validated to be associated with HA stress, their level of expression in different altitudes, fold change, experiment duration, biomarker association, disease and drug association, tissue-specific expression level, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway associations. As a server platform, it also uniquely constructs and analyses interactive miRNA–TF–gene coregulatory networks and extracts regulatory circuits/feed-forward loops (FFLs). These regulatory circuits help to offer mechanistic insights into complex regulatory mechanisms during HA stress. The server can also build these regulatory networks between two and more miRNAs of the database and also identify the regulatory circuits from this network. Hence, HAHmiR.DB is the first-of-its-kind database in HA research, which is a reliable platform to explore, compare, analyse and retrieve miRNAs associated with HA stress, their coregulatory networks and FFL regulatory-circuits. HAHmiR.DB is freely accessible at http://www.hahmirdb.in

scholarly journals Autophagy Is a Promoter for Aerobic Exercise Performance during High Altitude Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Ning Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cellular Components

High altitude training is one of the effective strategies for improving aerobic exercise performance at sea level via altitude acclimatization, thereby improving oxygen transport and/or utilization. But its underlying molecular mechanisms on physiological functions and exercise performance of athletes are still vague. More recent evidence suggests that the recycling of cellular components by autophagy is an important process of the body involved in the adaptive responses to exercise. Whether high altitude training can activate autophagy or whether high altitude training can improve exercise performance through exercise-induced autophagy is still unclear. In this narrative review article, we will summarize current research advances in the improvement of exercise performance through high altitude training and its reasonable molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy, which will provide a new field to explore the molecular mechanisms of adaptive response to high altitude training.

Integrating the Non-Line of Sight Launching System (NLOS-LS) in the United States Navy

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Emis ◽  
Bryan Huang ◽  
Timothy Jones ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Don Tumbocon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

Laser refractive surgery in the United States Navy

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip F Stanley ◽  
David J Tanzer ◽  
Steven C Schallhorn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laser Refractive Surgery
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