MEASUREMENT OF SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES BY COMPETITIVE ELISA REVEALS CORRELATIONS WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND SEX

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent T. K. Chow ◽  
M. C. Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Synthesized mainly in adipocytes, leptin is a peptide hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of body weight and composition. The serum leptin concentrations of 193 Singapore university medical and bioscience undergraduates aged 19–26 yr were measured using a competitive ELISA kit, and their leptin levels were correlated with sex and body mass index (BMI). Mean leptin levels were more than twice as high in females than in males of corresponding weight status, especially among females of healthy weight who exhibited levels that were 5.7 times higher. Overweight individuals generally demonstrated higher circulating leptin concentrations than healthy-weight and underweight participants. The differences in mean leptin levels between underweight and overweight males ( P = 0.006), as well as between healthy-weight and overweight males ( P = 0.011) were statistically significant. Comparison tests of leptin levels between healthy-weight and underweight females were highly significant ( P = 0.001). Highly significant linear correlations between BMI and the logarithm of leptin concentration were observed in the female ( r = 0.44) and male ( r = 0.36) groups. These results reiterate the impact of gonadal steroids as mediators of the apparent sexual dimorphism in circulating leptin. The findings also corroborate evidence that adiposity determines leptin levels. This laboratory exercise has educational value for undergraduates by determining their BMIs, by alluding to the importance of maintaining healthy body composition, and by emphasizing the molecular mechanisms of body weight regulation and obesity, with special reference to leptin. This practical study also exemplifies the principles and applications of the competitive ELISA technique and integrates certain key concepts of physiology, molecular biology, immunology, and medicine.

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index with Oncologic Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Large Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Chong-Chi Chiu ◽  
Chung-Han Ho ◽  
Chao-Ming Hung ◽  
Chien-Ming Chao ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
The Impact

It has been acknowledged that excess body weight increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is little evidence on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on CRC patients’ long-term oncologic results in Asian populations. We studied the influence of BMI on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and CRC-specific survival rates in CRC patients from the administrative claims datasets of Taiwan using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log-rank test to estimate the statistical differences among BMI groups. Underweight patients (<18.50 kg/m2) presented higher mortality (56.40%) and recurrence (5.34%) rates. Besides this, they had worse OS (aHR:1.61; 95% CI: 1.53–1.70; p-value: < 0.0001) and CRC-specific survival (aHR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.43–1.62; p-value: < 0.0001) rates compared with those of normal weight patients (18.50–24.99 kg/m2). On the contrary, CRC patients belonging to the overweight (25.00–29.99 kg/m2), class I obesity (30.00–34.99 kg/m2), and class II obesity (≥35.00 kg/m2) categories had better OS, DFS, and CRC-specific survival rates in the analysis than the patients in the normal weight category. Overweight patients consistently had the lowest mortality rate after a CRC diagnosis. The associations with being underweight may reflect a reverse causation. CRC patients should maintain a long-term healthy body weight.

scholarly journals Effect of Children’s Weight Status on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during Physical Education, Recess, and After School

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2651
Author(s):  
Zachary C. Pope ◽  
Charles Huang ◽  
David Stodden ◽  
Daniel J. McDonough ◽  
Zan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
After School ◽  
Healthy Weight

Children’s body mass index may affect physical activity (PA) participation. Therefore, this study examined the effect of children’s weight status on underserved elementary school children’s PA and sedentary behavior (SB) throughout the segmented day. Participants were 138 children (X¯age = 8.14 years). Children’s height and weight were measured with subsequent classification of children as healthy weight or overweight/obese. Durations of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), and SB during physical education (PE), morning recess, lunch recess, after school, and overall were assessed via accelerometry over three days. Independent t-tests evaluated differences in children’s MVPA, LPA, and SB during each daily segment by weight status. Significantly higher MVPA was observed for children of healthy weight status versus children with overweight/obesity during morning recess, t(136) = 2.15, p = 0.03, after school, t(136) = 2.68, p < 0.01, and overall, t(136) = 2.65, p < 0.01. Interestingly, comparisons of children of healthy weight status and children with overweight/obesity’s LPA and SB during the after-school segment revealed a trend wherein children with overweight/obesity participated in slightly greater LPA/less SB than children of healthy weight status. Higher MVPA was observed among children of healthy weight versus children with overweight/obesity during most daily segments. Concerted efforts should focus on increasing MVPA among children with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Perceived Body Image, Body Mass Index and Physical Activity with Weight Status among Students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Futoon S. Alobiri ◽  
Roaa A. Alharbi ◽  
Mohammed R. Algethami ◽  
Raghdah H. Ateeq ◽  
Aseel M. Badurayq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
King Abdulaziz University

Aim: Identify the relation between poor esteem for body image and weight-related behaviors. The results will help increase awareness and improve students’ lifestyles to have a better body image and achieve ideal body weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among King Abdulaziz University medical students (n= 460) between July to the end of August 2019. Data was collected using the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), figure rating scale (FRS) and analyzed using SPSS software. Result: The results showed that the average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.80 ± 11.89. Participant sex was an important factor influencing the prevalence of obesity; male students were more obese than female students with a significant difference (p<0.001). The level of body satisfaction was also affected by gender. Students in preclinical years were more likely to gain weight more than clinical years students. Conclusion: The results show a significant relationship between body satisfaction and gender (P<0.0001) despite having diverse BMIs. Overweight and obese males and females' participants had the lowest body satisfaction. Females who were too thin and had low BMIs described themselves as normal, while males describe themselves as too thin. Conversely, females with high BMIs described themselves as too fat, while males described themselves as normal. This could be due to different factors. Also, underweight females and males have high body satisfaction, which can lead to dangerous behaviors to maintain low body weight which cause negative health consequences.

scholarly journals Obesity and Skin Problems in Persons With a Lower Limb Amputation: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezka S. Mollee ◽  
Pieter U. Dijkstra ◽  
Rienk Dekker ◽  
Jan H.B. Geertzen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: A lower limb amputation can lead to weight gain and obesity. However, data regarding the prevalence of obesity in the Dutch population with a lower limb amputation are lacking. Furthermore, the impact of obesity on skin problems of the residual limb and the need of prosthetic repairs is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in Dutch persons with a lower limb amputation and to investigate the relationship between body weight, body mass index and skin problems of the residual limb and the frequency of prosthetic repairs. Methods: A survey was performed among adults with a unilateral lower limb amputation due to any cause, and who are user of a prosthesis. The survey consisted of measurement of the subjects’ body height and weight, a questionnaire which assessed self-reported skin problems in the previous month and factors potentially associated with these skin problems, and assessment of the frequency of visits to the orthopedic workshop. Results: In total, 413 persons were enrolled. Of them, 39% (95% confidence interval 35%−44%) was overweight and 28% (95% confidence interval 24%−33%) was obese. A total of 77% (95% confidence interval 73%−81%) reported one or more skin problems in the past month. Body weight and body mass index were neither associated with the presence of skin problems in general nor with the number of prosthetic repairs. Persons with severe skin problems had a slightly lower body mass index (26.6 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 kg/m2, p = 0.012). Persons with skin problems were younger than those without (difference in means 6.0 years (95% confidence interval 3.0−8.9)). Conclusion: Our findings show that obesity is common in the ambulant population with a lower limb amputation, with a prevalence being higher than in the general Dutch adult population. However, its negative impact on the presence of skin problems and the frequency of prosthetic repairs may be limited.

scholarly journals Family average income and body mass index above the healthy weight range among urban and rural residents in regional Mainland China

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xu ◽  
Xiao-Mei Yin ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Eva Leslie ◽  
Robert Ware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Socio Economic Status

AbstractObjective:To explore the relationship between family average income (FAI; an index of socio-economic status) and body mass index (BMI; a widely used, inexpensive indicator of weight status) above the healthy weight range in a region of Mainland China.Design:Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted between October 1999 and March 2000 on a sample of regular local residents aged 35 years or older who were selected by random cluster sampling.Setting:Forty-five administrative villages selected from three urban districts and two rural counties of Nanjing municipality, Mainland China, with a regional population of 5.6 million.Subjects:In total, 29 340 subjects participated; 67.7% from urban and 32.3% from rural areas; 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The response rate among eligible participants was 90.1%.Results:The proportion of participants classified as overweight was 30.5%, while 7.8% were identified as obese. After adjusting for possible confounding variables (age, gender, area of residence, educational level, occupational and leisure-time physical activity, daily vegetable consumption and frequency of red meat intake), urban participants were more likely to be overweight or obese relative to their rural counterparts, more women than men were obese, and participants in the lowest FAI tertile were the least likely to be above the healthy weight range.Conclusions:The proportion of adults with BMI above the healthy weight range was positively related to having a higher socio-economic status (indexed by FAI) in a regional Chinese population.

The impact of obesity on adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommending chemotherapy for patients with operable breast cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6517-6517
Author(s):  
A. M. Brewster ◽  
C. Etzel ◽  
R. Zhou ◽  
Y. Wong ◽  
S. B. Edge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Operable Breast Cancer ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Nccn Guidelines ◽  
Breast Cancer Outcome ◽  
The Impact

6517 Background: Obesity (measured using body mass index [BMI]) is regarded as a prognostic factor for worse breast cancer survival. We hypothesized that obesity may influence adherence to NCCN guidelines recommending chemotherapy for patients with operable breast cancer at NCCN centers. Methods: We identified women < 70 years diagnosed with stage I, II, or III breast cancer from 1997 to 2006 at 8 NCCN centers for whom guidelines recommended chemotherapy. Body mass index was assessed in categories (<25 kg/m2 [normal], 25 to <30 kg/m2 [overweight], 30 to 39kg/m2 [obese], ≥40 kg/m2 [morbidly obese]) and in 5 kg/m2 increments. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for center, age at diagnosis, ethnicity, comorbidity score, and guideline was used to examine the association between BMI at diagnosis and non-receipt of chemotherapy. Results: 9,389 women were eligible for the study: 38% normal weight; 30% overweight; 23% obese; 5% morbidly obese; and 4% unknown. In multivariable analysis with BMI as a categorical variable, there was no association between weight status and non-receipt of chemotherapy (p = 0.35). When BMI was assessed in 5kg/m2 increments, weight status was a statistically significant predictor of non-receipt of chemotherapy (p = 0.02), but the odd ratios exceeded 1.0 only for BMIs ≥42.6kg/m2. Other patient-related factors associated with non-receipt of chemotherapy included older age at diagnosis (p < 0.01), presence of comorbidities (p < 0.01) and center (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Overall, the quality of breast cancer care as measured by adherence to NCCN guidelines recommending chemotherapy was not affected by patient overweight or obese status. Chemotherapy use was lower among patients with extreme morbid obesity, which may represent appropriate clinical decision-making. Evaluating factors that may contribute to worse prognosis among obese patients is essential for individualizing care and improving breast cancer outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The association between body mass index and skin problems in persons with a lower limb amputation: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezka S. Mollee ◽  
Pieter U. Dijkstra ◽  
Rienk Dekker ◽  
Jan H.B. Geertzen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Obesity is common in persons with a lower limb amputation, an amputation can also lead to further weight gain. Data regarding the prevalence of obesity in the Dutch population with a lower limb amputation are lacking. Furthermore, the impact of obesity on skin problems of the residual limb and the need of prosthetic repairs is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in Dutch persons with a lower limb amputation and to investigate the relationship between body weight, body mass index and skin problems of the residual limb and the frequency of prosthetic repairs. Methods A survey was performed among adults with a unilateral lower limb amputation due to any cause, and who are user of a prosthesis. The survey consisted of measurement of the subjects’ body height and weight, a questionnaire which assessed self-reported skin problems in the previous month and factors potentially associated with these skin problems, and assessment of the frequency of visits to the orthopedic workshop. Results In total, 413 persons were enrolled. Of them, 39% (95 % confidence interval 35;44) were overweight and 28% (95% confidence interval 24;33) were obese. A total of 77% (95% confidence interval 73;81) reported one or more skin problems in the past month. Body weight and body mass index were neither associated with the presence of skin problems in general nor with the number of prosthetic repairs. Persons with severe skin problems had a slightly lower body mass index (26.6 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 kg/m2, p = 0.012). Persons with skin problems were younger than those without (difference in means 6.0 years (95% confidence interval 3.0;8.9)). Conclusions Our findings show that obesity is common in the Dutch ambulant population with a lower limb amputation, with a prevalence being higher than in the general Dutch adult population. However, its negative impact on the presence of skin problems and the frequency of prosthetic repairs may be limited.

scholarly journals Assessment of Psycho-emotional Distress Due to Age, Body Mass Index, and Marital Status in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in North Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Fauzia Tabassum ◽  
Hemali Heidi Sinha ◽  
Kavita Dhar ◽  
Chandra Jyoti ◽  
Md Sayeed Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder in reproductive age having a greater impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to find out PCOS demographics and its related HRQOL effects for improving psychological understanding in disease management. Materials and Methods: A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted for a period of twelve months at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India. The data of 100 PCOS cases were collected about socio-demographic status, clinical history, and dietary intake. Then, a validated PCOS questionnaire (PCOSQ) was used to observe the impact of PCOS symptoms on patients’ HRQOL. Results: The overall 57% and 48% of PCOS cases belonged to the age range of 20-30 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of >25-30, respectively. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of PCOSQ vs. marital status in PCOS cases with respect to emotion (P=0.039), body weight (P=0.002), and infertility (P=0.001). Furthermore, the result showed a significant difference in the domain of emotion (P=0.008), body hair (P=0.035), body weight (P<0.001), and infertility (P=0.018) among BMI group, and a high score was observed in the BMI group <18 in comparison to the other groups of BMI. Conclusions: In general, our findings indicated that infertility, emotions, and BMI had extremely higher impacts on the HRQOL of women suffering from PCOS although their educational status failed to affect HRQOL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Natalizumab Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Toward Individualized Doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Serra López-Matencio ◽  
Yaiza Pérez García ◽  
Virginia Meca-Lallana ◽  
Raquel Juárez-Sánchez ◽  
Angeles Ursa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
The Impact

Background: Plasma concentration of natalizumab falls above the therapeutic threshold in many patients who, therefore, receive more natalizumab than necessary and have higher risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Objective: To assess in a single study the individual and treatment characteristics that influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the real-world practice.Methods: Prospective observational study to analyse the impact of body weight, height, body surface area, body mass index, gender, age, treatment duration, and dosage scheme on natalizumab concentrations and the occupancy of α4-integrin receptor (RO) by natalizumab.Results: Natalizumab concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 67 μg/ml, and RO from 26 to 100%. Body mass index inversely associated with natalizumab concentration (beta = −1.78; p ≤ 0.001), as it did body weight (beta = −0.34; p = 0.001), but not height, body surface area, age or gender Extended vs. standard dose scheme, but not treatment duration, was inversely associated with natalizumab concentration (beta = −7.92; p = 0.016). Similar to natalizumab concentration, body mass index (beta = −1.39; p = 0.001) and weight (beta = −0.31; p = 0.001) inversely impacted RO. Finally, there was a strong direct linear correlation between serum concentrations and RO until 9 μg/ml (rho = 0.71; p = 0.003). Nevertheless, most patients had higher concentrations of natalizumab resulting in the saturation of the integrin.Conclusions: Body mass index and dosing interval are the main variables found to influence the pharmacology of natalizumab. Plasma concentration of natalizumab and/or RO are wide variable among patients and should be routinely measured to personalize treatment and, therefore, avoid either over and underdosing.

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