scholarly journals Using Exotic Materials Like EuD4TEA and MgD4TEA to Monitor Damage and Radiation Exposure in Extreme Environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hollerman ◽  
Ross S. Fontenot ◽  
Paul Darby ◽  
Nick Pugh ◽  
John Miller
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Long Duration

Space radiation poses a significant challenge to exploration missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. As we consider long duration space missions, the risk from radiation exposure increases. There is no simple technique that is capable of real-time radiation detection. Past research shows that the fluorescence yield and decay time are both functions of temperature and radiation fluence. Each of these parameters need to be investigated separately in order to fully understand the physical properties for any useful phosphor. Once the temperature dependencies are known, then the radiation fluence in the surrounding environment can be estimated. This paper will discuss recent research on europium and magnesium tetrakis dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (EuD4TEA and MgD4TEA) that could be used to measure radiation and temperature in real time. Both of these organic materials have been shown to be sensitive to proton radiation and to changes in temperature.

Radiation Exposure of Anaesthetists Visualised by Real-time Dosimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Marcus Christian Müller ◽  
Michael Windemuth ◽  
Sophie Frege ◽  
Eva Nadine Striepens
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Plate Osteosynthesis ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Dose Monitoring ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Radiation Dose Monitoring ◽  
Dosimetry System

Background: Chronic exposure to occupational ionising radiation is seen as one reason for elevated cancer prevalence. </P><P> Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate radiation exposure of anaesthetists by real-time dosimetry. Methods: Data of 296 patients were analyzed. Ten types of trauma operation procedures including osteosynthesis of upper and lower extremity fractures and minimally invasive stabilisation of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral fractures were accomplished. Evaluation was performed by an occupational dosimetry system, which visualises anaesthetists radiation exposure feedback compared to surgeons in real-time. Results: A significantly lower radiation exposure to anaesthetists compared to surgeons was observed in four types of operative procedures: Plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures, osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures, stabilisation of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral fractures. In four types of operations (plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral, distal radial and tibial fractures and intramedullary nailing of the clavicle), anaesthetists` amount of radiation exceeded one-third of the surgeons' exposure, especially if the C-arm tube was positioned close to the anaesthetists work station at the patients' head. Conclusion: By using the occupational radiation dose monitoring system, radiation exposure to anaesthetists was visualised in real-time during trauma operations. Radiation exposure of anaesthetists depends on the type of operation and the position of the C-arm. The system may help to increase anaesthetists` awareness concerning radiation exposure and to enhance compliance in using radiation protection techniques.

scholarly journals Design of a dynamic and self-adapting system, supported with artificial intelligence, machine learning and real-time intelligence for predictive cyber risk analytics in extreme environments – cyber risk in the colonisation of Mars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev ◽  
David De Roure ◽  
Kevin Page ◽  
Max Van Kleek ◽  
Omar Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Cyber Risk

AbstractMultiple governmental agencies and private organisations have made commitments for the colonisation of Mars. Such colonisation requires complex systems and infrastructure that could be very costly to repair or replace in cases of cyber-attacks. This paper surveys deep learning algorithms, IoT cyber security and risk models, and established mathematical formulas to identify the best approach for developing a dynamic and self-adapting system for predictive cyber risk analytics supported with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and real-time intelligence in edge computing. The paper presents a new mathematical approach for integrating concepts for cognition engine design, edge computing and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to automate anomaly detection. This engine instigates a step change by applying Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning embedded at the edge of IoT networks, to deliver safe and functional real-time intelligence for predictive cyber risk analytics. This will enhance capacities for risk analytics and assists in the creation of a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the opportunities and threats that arise when edge computing nodes are deployed, and when Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies are migrated to the periphery of the internet and into local IoT networks.

scholarly journals Electronic Orientation Aid for Visually Impaired using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 03054
Author(s):  
Akshata Parab ◽  
Rashmi Nagare ◽  
Omkar Kolambekar ◽  
Parag Patil
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Graphics Processing

Vision is one of the very essential human senses and it plays a major role in human perception about surrounding environment. But for people with visual impairment their definition of vision is different. Visually impaired people are often unaware of dangers in front of them, even in familiar environment. This study proposes a real time guiding system for visually impaired people for solving their navigation problem and to travel without any difficulty. This system will help the visually impaired people by detecting the objects and giving necessary information about that object. This information may include what the object is, its location, its precision, distance from the visually impaired etc. All these information will be conveyed to the person through audio commands so that they can navigate freely anywhere anytime with no or minimal assistance. Object detection is done using You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm. As the process of capturing the video/images and sending it to the main module has to be carried at greater speed, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is used. This will help in enhancing the overall speed of the system and will help the visually Impaired to get the maximum necessary instructions as quickly as possible. The process starts from capturing the real time video, sending it for analysis and processing and get the calculated results. The results obtained from analysis are conveyed to user by means of hearing aid. As a result by this system the blind or the visually impaired people can visualize the surrounding environment and travel freely from source to destination on their own.

scholarly journals Using Exotic Materials like EuD4TEA and MgD4TEA to Monitor Damage and Radiation Exposure in Extreme Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (13) ◽  
pp. 1615-1623
Author(s):  
William A Hollerman ◽  
Ross Fontenot ◽  
Paul Darby ◽  
Nick Pugh ◽  
John Miller
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Extreme Environments

scholarly journals Development of Novel Real-Time Radiation Systems Using 4-Channel Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Yohei Inaba ◽  
Masaaki Nakamura ◽  
Masayuki Zuguchi ◽  
Koichi Chida
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Angular Dependence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Dose Linearity ◽  
Tissue Injuries ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Shape And Size

Radiation-related tissue injuries after medical radiation procedures, such as fluoroscopically guided intervention (FGI), have been reported in patients. Real-time monitoring of medical radiation exposure administered to patients during FGI is important to avoid such tissue injuries. In our previous study, we reported a novel (prototype) real-time radiation system for FGI. However, the prototype sensor indicated low sensitivity to radiation exposure from the side and back, although it had high-quality fundamental characteristics. Therefore, we developed a novel 4-channel sensor with modified shape and size than the previous sensor, and evaluated the basic performance (i.e., measured the energy, dose linearity, dose rate, and angular dependence) of the novel and previous sensors. Both sensors of our real-time dosimeter system demonstrated the low energy dependence, excellent dose linearity (R2 = 1.0000), and good dose rate dependence (i.e., within 5% statistical difference). Besides, the sensitivity of 0° ± 180° in the horizontal and vertical directions was almost 100% sensitivity for the new sensor, which significantly improved the angular dependence. Moreover, the novel dosimeter exerted less influence on X-ray images (fluoroscopy) than other sensors because of modifying a small shape and size. Therefore, the developed dosimeter system is expected to be useful for measuring the exposure of patients to radiation doses during FGI procedures.

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