Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels with High Temperature Ion Conducting Ceramics

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Eric D. Wachsman ◽  
Mark C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ion Conducting

scholarly journals Application of spiking neural networks for modelling the process of high-temperature hydrogen production in systems with gas-cooled reactors *

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Sergey O, Starkov ◽  
Yury N, Lavrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Water Steam

Hydrogen energy is able to solve the problem of the dependence of modern industries on fossil fuels and significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions. One of the ways to produce hydrogen is high-temperature water-steam electrolysis. Increasing the temperature of the steam involved in electrolysis makes the process more efficient. The key problem is the use of a reliable heat energy source capable of reaching high temperatures. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors with a gaseous coolant and a graphite moderator provide a solution to the problem of heating the electrolyte. Part of the heat energy is used for producing electrical energy required for electrolysis. Modern electrolyzers built as arrays of tubular or planar electrolytic cells with a nuclear energy source make it possible to produce hydrogen by decomposing water molecules, and the working temperature control leads to a decrease in the Nernst potential. The operation of such facilities is complicated by the need to determine the optimal parameters of the electrolysis cell, the steam flow rate, and the operating current density. To reduce the costs associated with the process optimization, it is proposed to use a low-temperature electrolysis system controlled by a spiking neural network. The results confirm the effectiveness of intelligent technologies that implement adaptive control of hybrid modeling processes in order to organize the most feasible hydrogen production in a specific process, the parameters of which can be modified depending on the specific use of the reactor thermal energy. In addition, the results of the study confirm the feasibility of using a combined functional structure made on the basis of spiking neurons to correct the parameters of the developed electrolytic system. The proposed simulation strategy can significantly reduce the consumption of computational resources in comparison with models based only on neural network prediction methods.

scholarly journals Technoeconomic analysis of High Temperature Reactors for industrial applications in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
B Chmielarz ◽  
A Bredimas ◽  
C Herpson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Abstract The paper analyses Polish industrial energy market requirements and the economic boundary conditions of for High Temperature Reactor (HTR)-based hybrid energy systems for electricity, heat, and hydrogen production. The Polish industry suffers from high imported gas prices and high dependence on domestic coal sector. Most industrial coal boilers are ageing and will need replacement within two decades. Increasing emission prices will soon cripple the profitability of coal in favour of natural gas and leave an opening for HTRs. HTRs can be competitive for both heat and electricity generation if used at load factors above 90% and constructed within budget and on time. The competitiveness of HTRs grows further with rising fossil fuels and CO2 emission prices. For industrial hydrogen, steam methane reforming (SMR) is competitive against any other alternative. Large-scale hydrogen production with HTR-based Sulphur Iodine cycle may compete with SMR if capital and operational costs can be decreased. High temperature steam electrolysis requires more durable materials and lower capital cost. Electrolysis, given its relatively low CAPEX and scalability, can be competitive when electricity is cheap as a result of over-production from intermittent power capacities. Other fossil-based hydrogen production methods appear more costly and CO2-intensive than SMR. The study was done as a part of the GEMINI+ project.

scholarly journals Large Scale Hydrogen Production From Nuclear Energy Using High Temperature Electrolysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

Hydrogen can be produced from water splitting with relatively high efficiency using high-temperature electrolysis. This technology makes use of solid-oxide cells, running in the electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen from steam, while consuming electricity and high-temperature process heat. When coupled to an advanced high temperature nuclear reactor, the overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency for high-temperature electrolysis can be as high as 50%, which is about double the overall efficiency of conventional low-temperature electrolysis. Current large-scale hydrogen production is based almost exclusively on steam reforming of methane, a method that consumes a precious fossil fuel while emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Demand for hydrogen is increasing rapidly for refining of increasingly low-grade petroleum resources, such as the Athabasca oil sands and for ammonia-based fertilizer production. Large quantities of hydrogen are also required for carbon-efficient conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. With supplemental nuclear hydrogen, almost all of the carbon in the biomass can be converted to liquid fuels in a nearly carbon-neutral fashion. Ultimately, hydrogen may be employed as a direct transportation fuel in a “hydrogen economy.” The large quantity of hydrogen that would be required for this concept should be produced without consuming fossil fuels or emitting greenhouse gases. An overview of the high-temperature electrolysis technology will be presented, including basic theory, modeling, and experimental activities. Modeling activities include both computational fluid dynamics and large-scale systems analysis. We have also demonstrated high-temperature electrolysis in our laboratory at the 15 kW scale, achieving a hydrogen production rate in excess of 5500 L/hr.

Economic and environmental competitiveness of high temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavan Motazedi ◽  
Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh ◽  
Ian J. Laurenzi ◽  
Heather L. MacLean ◽  
Joule A. Bergerson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

In Situ Studies of Molecular Self-Assembling during the Formation of Ion-Conducting Membranes for Fuel Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia N. Grafskaia ◽  
Denis V. Anokhin ◽  
Jaime J. Hernandez Rueda ◽  
Dmitriy A. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
Conducting Membranes ◽  
Green Fuel ◽  
Synchrotron Beamlines

In present work a new setup for in situ studies of molecular self-assembling process for fabrication of ion-conducting membranes for “green” fuel cells was developed. Due to compactness, this unique setup can be used on the synchrotron beamlines. The GISAXS and optical microscopy data have shown the effectiveness of the control of molecular architecture by impact of high temperature, UV-irradiation and solvent vapors.

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