Effect of the Wire Diameter on the Stability of Micro-Scale Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 (14) ◽  
pp. E560-E564 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seghir Mechaour ◽  
A. Derardja ◽  
K. Oulmi ◽  
M. J. Deen
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Information storage in permalloy modulated magnetic nanowires

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidobeth Sáez ◽  
Pablo Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Cisternas ◽  
Eugenio E. Vogel ◽  
Juan Escrig
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Magnetic Nanowires ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cylindrical Wire

AbstractA long piece of magnetic material shaped as a central cylindrical wire (diameter $$d=50$$ d = 50 nm) with two wider coaxial cylindrical portions (diameter $$D=90$$ D = 90 nm and thickness $$t=100$$ t = 100 nm) defines a bimodulated nanowire. Micromagnetism is invoked to study the equilibrium energy of the system under the variations of the positions of the modulations along the wire. The system can be thought of as composed of five independent elements (3 segments and 2 modulations) leading to $$2^5=32$$ 2 5 = 32 possible different magnetic configurations, which will be later simplified to 4. We investigate the stability of the configurations depending on the positions of the modulations. The relative chirality of the modulations has negligible contributions to the energy and they have no effect on the stability of the stored configuration. However, the modulations are extremely important in pinning the domain walls that lead to consider each segment as independent from the rest. A phase diagram reporting the stability of the inscribed magnetic configurations is produced. The stability of the system was then tested under the action of external magnetic fields and it was found that more than 50 mT are necessary to alter the inscribed information. The main purpose of this paper is to find whether a prototype like this can be complemented to be used as a magnetic key or to store information in the form of firmware. Present results indicate that both possibilities are feasible.

scholarly journals Information storage in permalloy modulated magnetic nanowires

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidobeth Sáez ◽  
Pablo Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Cisternas ◽  
Eugenio E. Vogel ◽  
Juan Escrig
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Magnetic Nanowires ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cylindrical Wire

Abstract A long piece of magnetic material shaped as a central cylindrical wire (diameter d = 50 nm) with two wider coaxial cylindrical portions (diameter D = 90 nm and thickness t = 100 nm) defines a bimodulated nanowire. Micromagnetism is invoked to study the equilibrium energy of the system under the variations of the positions of the modulations along the wire. The system can be thought of as composed of 5 independent elements (3 segments and 2 modulations) leading to 25 = 32 different magnetic configurations. We investigate the stability of the configurations depending on the positions of the modulations. The relative chirality of the modulations has negligible contributions to the energy and they have no effect in the stability of the stored configuration. However, the modulations are extremely important in pinning the domain walls that lead to consider each segment as independent from the rest. A phase diagram reporting the stability of the inscribed magnetic configurations is produced. The stability of the system was then tested under the action of external magnetic fields and it is found that more than 50 mT are necessary to alter the inscribed information. The main purpose of this paper is to find weather a prototype like this can complemented to be used as firmware or magnetic keys. Present results indicate that this is feasible.

scholarly journals Two Electrode ECG And EOG System For Monitoring Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Biomedical Signal ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Total Gain

Heart and Eye are two vital organs in the human system. By knowing the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electro-oculogram (EOG), one will be able to tell the stability of the heart and eye respectively. In this project, we have developed a circuit to pick the ECG and EOG signal using two wet electrodes. Here no reference electrode is used. EOG and ECG signals have been acquired from ten healthy subjects. The ECG signal is obtained from two positions, namely wrist and arm position respectively. The picked-up biomedical signal is recorded and heart rate information is extracted from ECG signal using the biomedical workbench. The result found to be promising and acquired stable EOG and ECG signal from the subjects. The total gain required for the arm position is higher than the wrist position for the ECG signal. The total gain necessary for the EOG signal is higher than the ECG signal since the ECG signal is in the range of millivolts whereas EOG signal in the range of microvolts. This two-electrode system is stable, cost-effective and portable while still maintaining high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).

Experimental Investigation of High-Speed/High-Voltage SMA Actuation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Motzki ◽  
Tom Gorges ◽  
Thomas Würtz ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
High Current ◽  
Sma Actuator ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Supply Voltages ◽  
A Current

The thermal shape memory effect describes the ability of a deformed material to return to its original shape when heated. This effect is found in shape memory alloys (SMAs) such as nickel-titanium (NiTi). SMA actuator wire is known for its high energy density and allows for the construction of compact systems. An additional advantage is the so-called “self-sensing” effect, which can be used for sensor tasks within an actuator-sensor-system. In most applications, a current is used to heat the SMA wires through joule heating. Usually a current between zero and four ampere is recommended by the SMA wire manufacturers depending on the wire diameter. Therefore, supply voltage is adjusted to the SMA wire’s electrical resistance to reach the recommended current. The focus of this work is to use supply voltages of magnitudes higher than the recommended supply voltages on SMA actuator wires. This actuation method has the advantage of being able to use industry standard voltage supplies for SMA actuators. Additionally, depending on the application, faster actuation and higher strokes can be achieved. The high voltage results in a high current in the SMA wire. To prevent the wire from being destroyed by the high current, short pulses in the micro- and millisecond range are used. As part of the presented work, a test setup has been constructed to examine the effects of the crucial parameters such as supply voltage amplitude, pulse duration, wire diameter and wire pre-tension. The monitored parameters in this setup are the wire displacement, wire current and force generated by the SMA wire. All sensors in this setup and their timing is validated through several experiments. Additionally, a highspeed optical camera system is used to record qualitative videos of the SMA wire’s behavior under there extreme conditions. This optical feedback is necessary to fully understand and interpret the measured force and displacement signals.

The Buckling Simulation of Planar W-Form Micro-Spring in MEMS Safety and Arming Device

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 796-799
Author(s):  
Fu Fu Wang ◽  
Wen Zhong Lou ◽  
Fang Yi Liu ◽  
Da Kui Wang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
High Or Low Temperature ◽  
The Stability

This paper describes the stability research of MEMS spring used in fuze. The micro-spring in thickness dimension is thin, while the size of axial direction is larger, during compression the micro-spring is prone to suffering buckling and become unstable. In order to consider the extreme environments in launch, this paper aims to carry out buckling simulation in high or low temperature, by using FEM analysis. The effect of temperature load on the micro-spring buckling can be obtained. These researches can provide theory reference for the design applications and reliability analysis of micro-spring, and also lay the foundation for the response characteristics of the micro-scale elastic components under compressive force.

On the effect of wear on small mesh wire sieves

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard A. Keen ◽  
William B. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Peaks ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Metal Framework ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Frequency Curves

A series of measurements of wire diameter, length of side, and area of holes, has been made on new and used sieves, all of which were originally of the “100 mesh” size, i.e. the square holes were supposed to be ·01″ in length of side and the wire to be ·01″ in diameter. The measurements have been expressed as frequency curves.In the case of unused sieves woven to the I.M.M. specification, the sieve on the whole compared well with the specification, but in used sieves the variations were much greater. The divergence from specification in the new and old sieves is shown by Tables I and II respectively.In one sieve (No. 2) the holes elongated more in one direction than the other. In fact in one direction the alteration which has taken place is a contraction rather than a stretch. This effect was probably connected with the manner in which the sieve was attached to its metal framework, and also to difference in tempering of the wires and the tension in weaving.A number of the frequency curves showed double peaks, and the actual observations showed that there was a systematic distribution of values corresponding to these two peaks. It is probable that some of the guides in one of the combs through which the warp wires are led during the weaving were displaced sideways, thus giving alternate strands of wire and narrow holes. This was particularly the case in the single weave.

Vibration Behavior of Gravity-Loaded Whirling Micro-Scale Shafts Influenced by an Axial Magnetic Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 1750110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Mustapha ◽  
Z. W. Zhong ◽  
S. B. A. Kashem
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Torsional Rigidity ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Micro Vibration

Some high-speed rotating micro-machines and micro-vibration devices rely on the use of whirling micro-shafts subject to the effect of gravity and magnetic fields. At present, the consequences of the interaction between the elastic deformation of such shafts and the magnetic/gravitational field effects remain unresolved. Focusing on micro-scale whirling shafts with very high torsional rigidity, this study presents a theoretical treatment grounded in the theory of micro-continuum elasticity to examine the ramification of this interaction. The differential transformation method (DTM) is used to obtain extensive numerical results for qualitative assessments of the magnetic-gravitational effects interaction on standing, hanging and horizontally positioned spinning micro-scale shafts. The influence of bearing-support flexibility on the response of the whirling micro-shaft is also considered with rotational and translational springs. The gravitational sag reduces the stability of whirling standing micro-shafts and increases that of the hanging micro-shafts. Further, for all the micro-shafts configurations investigated, the magnetic field is observed to stiffen the response of the shaft and favorably shifts the critical points of vibration of the whirling shafts forward.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kinerja Motor Induksi Melalui Variasi Diameter Lilitan Kawat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudhi Agussationo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Winding Wire ◽  
The Ideal

Testing of 3 phase induction motors with a variety of wire diameters. First, find out the ideal wire size on an induction motor. Second, ratio of the power used on an induction motor with different winding wire sizes. Third, to find out the torque produced by an induction motor with different wire winding sizes. Then, The induction motor test was performed by taking the power data used on two motors with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm winding wire, RPM data and torque produced by an induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm. So, we can get the results the induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm wire uses as maximum power of 549.10 Watt or more than the induction motor with a diameter of a wire wound of 0.5 mm which only uses a maximum power of 345.95 Watt, the wire diameter induction motor winding 0.6 mm produces a maximum torque of 746.92 Nm or greater than an induction motor with a diameter of 0.5 mm winding wire which only produces a maximum torque of 383.97 Nm. So, It can be conclude that the more number of revolutions per minute (RPM), the torque produced will be smaller, then, the greater the torque produced, the more power is used.

scholarly journals One hundred kilojoules of energy storage in water wire electric explosion deposition energy study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2087 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Simin Liu ◽  
Yongmin Zhang ◽  
Yong Lu ◽  
Shaojie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrical Explosion ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Electric Explosion ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Load Power ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Deposition Energy

Abstract In this experiment, the electro-explosive deposition energy in water of aluminum-magnesium welding wire model ER5356 at 100 kJ capacitive storage energy was investigated. The loop current and the load discharge voltage during the wire electrical explosion were measured using a self-integrating Roche coil and a capacitive voltage divider, respectively. The physical process of electrical explosion and the energy deposition process were delineated by the measured loop currents and load voltages. The current waveform and load voltage of the electric explosion in water of 1.2 mm-3.0 mm diameter Al-Mg wire at 100 kJ stored energy were measured; the changes of load resistance value, load power and deposition energy of the wire loaded with electric explosion were calculated. The results show that the peak circuit current and peak time point decrease and then increase with increasing diameter, and the minimum value is achieved at 1.6 mm wire diameter; the load voltage and load resistance values gradually decrease with increasing diameter; the load power and total deposited energy of discharge achieve the maximum value at 2.0 mm diameter. At 100 kJ energy storage, there is an optimal range between 1.6 mm and 2.4 mm wire diameter.

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