Effect of Electrolyte Level during Electro Chemical Discharge Machining of Glass

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (7) ◽  
pp. E279-E281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Level

Performance of Micro-Hole Drilling by Ultrasonic-Assisted Electro-Chemical Discharge Machining

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifal Rusli ◽  
Katsushi Furutani
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Tool Electrode ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Micro Hole

Electro-chemical discharge machining (ECDM) is one of nontraditional processes for micro-fabrication of non-conductive materials. A high applied voltage is preferable to form a gas film and to generate discharge in the film. However, accumulation of discharge heat often causes cracks of the surface because non-conductive materials have low heat conductivity. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic vibration and the electrolyte level on the performance of gravity-feed drilling by ECDM was investigated. Ultrasonic vibration was applied to a glass plate. A tungsten rod as a tool electrode was fed by gravity. Ultrasonic vibration changed the discharge behavior and improved electrolyte circulation. Although high amplitude ultrasonic vibration caused very dense and wide current pulses consistently during machining process, it decreased removal rate significantly. In addition, electrolyte levels affect single bubble size and the resistance in the electrolyte. Low electrolyte level will cause higher resistance, and higher temperature of the tool electrode and workpiece. A high bias current flew at a low electrolyte level without ultrasonic vibration. In this case, removal rate decreased and surface integrity was improved.

scholarly journals Assessment of blood morphology, electrolyte level as well as kidney and liver function before and after leaving the water in a winter swimmers during the entire winter swimming season - a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽  
Jakub Marchewka ◽  
Andrzej Mikuśkiewicz ◽  
Patrycja Pietraszewska ◽  
Sylwia Przybyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Blood Morphology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

Study aim: The aim of the study was to assess blood morphology, electrolyte level as well as indices of kidney function and the activity of selected liver enzymes determining liver function before and after exiting the water in a winter swimmer (“Walrus”) from the “Kaloryfer” (“Radiator”) Krakow Winter Swimming Club during the whole winter bathing season. Materials and methods: The subject of research was a winter swimmer from the “Radiator” Krakow Winter Swimming Club  a 53-year-old male. Blood was collected from the subject: at the beginning of the winter swimming season, during (five times) and at the end of the season (each time before and after getting out of the water); time maintaining in water: 10 minutes. Results: Analysing the average values of the indices before and after exiting the water, statistically significant increases were noted in AST [U/L] by 6.4% and LDH [U/L] by 2.45%, as well as a decrease in Na+ [mmol/l] by 1.14%, Clˉ [mmol/l] by 1.78% and urea [mmol/l] by 3.64%. Conclusions: Regular baths taken by the winter swimmers in cold water did not affect blood morphology indices and did not cause pathological changes in kidney profile. Furthermore, slight fluctuations regarding the concentration of electrolytes in the blood serum and changes in the hepatic profile additionally “externalised” health problems, which appeared prior to winter swimming.

scholarly journals Mean difference of Electrolyte Level measured in Arterial Blood gases and measured in Laboratory in Children presenting in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
K Value ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background: Electrolytes are measured in arterial and venous blood by arterial blood gas analyzer and the auto-analyzers respectively. Objective: To determine the mean difference in electrolyte level in arterial blood gases (ABGs) level versus laboratory serum electrolyte level in the children admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Pediatrics, the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore from 1st December 2015 to 31st May 2016. Total of 125 children fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from pediatric intensive care unit. The ABGs (whole blood) electrolytes were obtained immediately after collection, using ABGs analyzer. Serum electrolytes were analyzed in the central laboratory of the institution. Reports were assessed and levels of sodium and potassium was noted from reports of ABGs and laboratory. Results: Mean NA+ value on ABGs and from laboratory was 134.66 and 132.26 (p= 0.01). Mean K+ value from on ABGs and from laboratory was 4.51 and 4.28. (p= 0.071). In age group 1-5 and 6-10 years, K+ level was high in ABGs value (p-value=0.065 & p-value=0.073). However, in age group 11-15 years K+ level was significantly higher in ABGs value as that of laboratory value (p-value=0.014). The same trend was observed in male and female children that mean NA+ and K+ value with ABGs was significantly higher as compared to that of laboratory value. Conclusion: NA+ and K+ in arterial blood gases level were different from laboratory serum electrolyte level in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Clinician should be aware of differences so that potential misdiagnosis does not occur and unnecessary treatment or investigation can’t be performed.

scholarly journals Electrolyte imbalance in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: A single center study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2159-2164
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shamaoon ◽  
Nadia Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan ◽  
Arslan Ahmad ◽  
Tehmina Maqbool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objectives: To determine the mean serum electrolyte level in neonates with perinatal birth asphyxia with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Ward, Emergency and OPD, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: December 2017 to May 2018. Material & Methods: In our study, out of 190 cases were included, Results: mean g. age was calculated as 39.44+1.51 weeks, 49.47% (n=94) were male and 50.53% (n=96) were females. Mean APGAR score at 1 minute was calculated as 4.59+0.49 whereas 5.41+0.67 at 5 minutes. Mean weight of the neonates was calculated as 2771.58+256.83 grams. Frequency of delivered through history of fetal distress was recorded in 43.68% (n=83), mean serum electrolytes shows that serum sodium 137.71+1.69 mg/dl, serum potassium 3.92+0.18 mg/dl and serum calcium 8.45+0.51 mg/dl. Conclusion: We concluded that mean serum electrolyte level in neonates with perinatal birth asphyxia with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were in normal range, however, in absence of control group and data analysis in qualitative way, we are unable to record the frequency of hypocalcemia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, which may be done in coming trials.

scholarly journals Iot Based Smart Bottle Sensor for Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Herbert Azairwe ◽  
Mudingoto Eddie ◽  
Rashid Humayoon ◽  
Dimpal Khambhati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Life Threatening

Electrolyte bottle monitoring has become difficult due to tight schedules most especially during these pandemic times that have left health workers with little or no time. Improper monitoring of electrolyte bottles can result into serious life-threatening risks. We intend to design a reusable electrolyte level sensor using Ultrasonic sensor and Arduino Nano. The project will have a transmitter circuit that will use Rf communication to send the data to receiver circuit for processing. The transmitter circuit has an ultrasonic sensor that will be used to measure the distance of electrolyte level in bottle. The data is then sent wirelessly to the receiver circuit where percentage of the electrolyte level is shown on LCD module. If it shows 100% electrolyte consumed, then an alarm is sent off alerting the health worker in charge. It is also our aim to develop an electrolyte level detector that is reusable, efficient and most importantly affordable for health care industries. Building such a monitoring system, will reduce patient hazards and also improve health care service delivery in terms of accuracy. Health care workers will not need to constantly or manually assess the level of electrolyte left in the bottle most especially during night shifts. Air particles or bubbles can enter the patient’s blood stream if electrolyte bottle gets empty and still attached to patient. If these particles enter, it can result into immediate death. With further developments, it can be upgraded to send message to a doctor/nurse’s phone, along with the patient’s room number and other specifications.

scholarly journals Detection of Low Electrolyte Level for Vented Lead–Acid Batteries Based on Electrical Measurements

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4435
Author(s):  
Eugenio Camargo ◽  
Nancy Visairo ◽  
Ciro Núñez ◽  
Juan Segundo ◽  
Juan Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrolyte Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Lead Acid

It is well known that a low level of electrolytes in batteries produces a malfunction or even failure and irreversible damage. There are several kinds of sensors to detect the electrolyte level. Some of them are non-invasive, such as optical sensors of level, while some others are invasive; but both require one sensor per battery. This paper proposes a different approach to detect the low electrolyte level, which neither requires invasive sensors nor one sensor for each battery. The approach is based on the estimation of the internal resistance of an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model of the battery. To establish the detection criterion of the low level of electrolytes, a statistical analysis is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to be considered a valid method, multiple experiments were performed. The experiments consisted of determining how the internal resistance is affected at eight different levels of electrolyte at different aging levels of vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Hence, this approach has the potential to be used for the reducing of sensors and avoiding invasive methods to determine the low level of electrolytes.

Change of Serum Electrolyte Level Following Succinycholine Administration

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Mi Na Kwon ◽  
Duck Mi Yoon ◽  
Yong Taek Nam ◽  
Chung Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Electrolyte Level
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document