Corrosion Mechanism of a X100 Pipeline Steel in NACE Brine at 1000 rpm

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Clarisa Campechano-Lira ◽  
A. Bedolla ◽  
A. Contreras ◽  
Ricardo Orozco Cruz ◽  
R. Galván Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
X100 Pipeline Steel

A New Corrosion Mechanism for X100 Pipeline Steel Under Oil-Covered Chloride Droplets

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2804 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Liang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Rebecca Filardo Schaller ◽  
Edouard Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
X100 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Pits ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

A 1.7 mM NaCl droplet on X100 pipeline steel covered by paraffin oil is used to simulate the corrosive environment encountered in heavy oil or bitumen pipelines. The development of corrosion under the droplet was monitored and explored in two stages. In the initial stage (1 h), the distribution of corrosion pits was heterogeneous with one area under the droplet presenting a higher pit density. As the corrosion proceeded (24 h), the localized corrosion in the area under the droplet with the higher pit density switched to general corrosion, while the other region of the droplet continued to pit. The mechanisms driving this new distinctive corrosion form developed beneath an underoil droplet are explained.

scholarly journals The Pitting Susceptibility Investigation of Passive Films Formed on X70, X80, and X100 Pipeline Steels by Electrochemical Noise and Mott-Schottky Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Ping Liang ◽  
Yanhua Shi ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Electrochemical Noise ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Stochastic Theory ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Pipeline Steels ◽  
X100 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Pit Initiation

The pitting susceptibility of passive films formed on X70, X80, and X100 pipeline steels was investigated by means of electrochemical noise (EN) and Mott-Schottky measurements. The EN results were analyzed according to the shot-noise theory and stochastic theory. Pit initiation process was analyzed quantitatively using the Weibull distribution function. Pit growth process was simulated by Gumbel distribution function. The experimental results of Mott-Schottky plots showed that the passive films formed on the three pipeline steels displayed an n-type semiconductor character, and the passive film for X100 pipeline steel has the lowest donor density (ND) among the three passive films. The EN results demonstrated that X100 pipeline steel had the lowest pit initiation rate and pit growth probability, which implied that the X100 pipeline steel had the lowest pitting susceptibility.

scholarly journals Effect of secondary peak temperature on microstructure and toughness in ICCGHAZ of laser-arc hybrid welded X100 pipeline steel joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 7838-7849
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Qi ◽  
Hongshuang Di ◽  
Xiaonan Wang ◽  
Zhenguang Liu ◽  
R.D.K Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Secondary Peak ◽  
X100 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Steel Joints

Guidelines for Production of API Pipelines Steels Suitable for Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Service Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Stalheim ◽  
Bernhard Hoh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Pipeline Steels ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Sour Service

Worldwide oil and natural gas reserves can be classified as either sweet or sour service. The sour service classified oil and natural gas reserves contain some level of H2S making the product flowing through a steel pipeline corrosive. Due to this, the majority of the oil and natural gas reserves that have been drilled are of the sweet service nature. However as demand continues and supplies change, many of the remaining oil and natural gas reserves contain the H2S component and are of a sour service nature. These oil and natural gas reserves containing the H2S component through a corrosion mechanism will allow for diatomic hydrogen — in the presence of moisture — to disseminate to monatomic hydrogen and diffuse into the pipeline steel microstructure. Depending on the microstructure and level of cleanliness the monatomic hydrogen can become trapped at areas of high residual stress, recollect to diatomic hydrogen and creating partial pressures that exceed the tensile strength of the steel resulting in cracking. Therefore transmission pipelines are being built to transport sour service oil or natural gas requires steels with hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) resistance. Alloy designs, steel making processing, continuous casting, plate or strip rolling, pipe forming, and last not least corrosion testing are all key components in producing pipeline steels that are resistant to HIC applications and meeting the NACE TM0284 specifications. However, producing steels that have good HIC performance do not necessarily meet other mechanical property requirements such as strength and YT ratios. Balance has to be achieved to meet not only the HIC requirements but the other required mechanical properties. Mastering this complex HIC process poses a serious challenge to pipe producers and their primary material suppliers. The capability of producing HIC steel grades according to critical specifications and/or standards clearly distinguishes excellent steel producers from good steel makers. This paper will discuss the basics of the hydrogen induced cracking phenomenon, the requirements of the NACE TM0284 specification and give guidelines for steel production of API pipeline steels that not only can meet the specification requirements the NACE testing but also fulfill the other mechanical property requirements.

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