The Active Surface Area of Nanoporous Metals during Oxygen Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Snyder ◽  
Jonah Erlebacher
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Nanoporous Metals

Facile deposition of Pt nanoparticles on Sb-doped SnO2 support with outstanding active surface area for the oxygen reduction reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2672-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiyaad Mohamed ◽  
Tobias Binninger ◽  
Patricia J. Kooyman ◽  
Armin Hoell ◽  
Emiliana Fabbri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Surface Area

Synthesis of Sb–SnO2 supported Pt nanoparticles with an outstanding ECSA for the oxygen reduction reaction.

scholarly journals An Electrocatalytic Activity of AuCeO2/Carbon Catalyst in Fuel Cell Reactions: Oxidation of Borohydride and Reduction of Oxygen

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Raminta Stagniūnaitė ◽  
Virginija Kepenienė ◽  
Aldona Balčiūnaitė ◽  
Audrius Drabavičius ◽  
Vidas Pakštas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Electrochemically Active Surface

This paper describes the investigation of electrocatalytic activity of the AuCeO2/C catalyst, prepared using the microwave irradiation method, towards the oxidation of sodium borohydride and oxygen reduction reactions in an alkaline medium. It was found that the obtained AuCeO2/C catalyst with Au loading and electrochemically active surface area of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) equal to 71 µg cm−2 and 0.05 cm2, respectively, showed an enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards investigated reactions, compared with the Au/C catalyst with an Au loading and electrochemically active surface area of AuNPs equal to 78 µg cm−2 and 0.19 cm2, respectively. The AuCeO2/C catalyst demonstrated ca. 4.5 times higher current density values for the oxidation of sodium borohydride compared with those of the bare Au/C catalyst. Moreover, the onset potential of the oxygen reduction reaction (0.96 V) on the AuCeO2/C catalyst was similar to the commercial Pt/C (0.98 V).

scholarly journals Oxidatively induced exposure of active surface area during microwave assisted formation of Pt3Co nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 17979-17987
Author(s):  
Robin Sandström ◽  
Joakim Ekspong ◽  
Eduardo Gracia-Espino ◽  
Thomas Wågberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Microwave Synthesis ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Electrochemically Active Surface

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is efficiently facilitated platinum catalysts alloyed with Co and reveal high electrochemically active surface area via rapid microwave synthesis.

Electrophoretic deposition improves catalytic performance of Co3O4 nanoparticles for oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 4274-4283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fayette ◽  
A. Nelson ◽  
R. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Co3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Apparent Decrease

Electrophoretic deposition was found to improve the activity of cobalt oxide nanoparticulate thin films for oxygen reduction/evolution in spite of an apparent decrease in active surface area.

scholarly journals Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on a Mixed Titanium and Tantalum Oxy-nitride Catalyst Prepared by the Urea-based Sol-gel Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 055-065 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seifitokaldani ◽  
M. Perrier ◽  
O. Savadogo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Onset Potential

The electrochemical stability and activity of different compositions of titanium and tantalum oxy-nitride nano-catalysts were investigated for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A new sol-gel method was used to produce a nano-powder mixture of Ti and Ta oxynitride from their alkoxides using urea as a nitrogen source. The precursors prepared by the sol-gel method were annealed in a N2 + 3% H2 atmosphere at determined temperatures (500, 700 and 900 °C) inside a silica tube furnace. X-ray diffraction results proved that by using this method a considerable amount of nitrogen was inserted into the catalyst structure at a relatively low temperature. Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that the prepared catalyst should be oxidized carbonitride of titanium and/or tantalum. Heat treatment had a major effect on the onset potential by changing the crystallinity of the catalyst, so that the onset potential of titanium oxynitride increased from ca. 0.05 V to 0.65 V vs. NHE by increasing the temperature from 500 to 700 °C. Increasing the Ta concentration also led to a higher onset potential but lower ORR current. For instance, the onset potential for the ORR for tantalum oxynitride heat treated at 700 °C was ca. 0.85 V vs. NHE while this value was ca. 0.65 V vs. NHE for titanium oxynitride. However, the ORR current was 100 times smaller in tantalum oxynitride, most likely because of a low electrochemically active surface area. Electrochemical measurements suggested that an appropriate composition of titanium and tantalum was required to have both a good onset potential and ORR current by improving the catalytic activity and increasing the active surface area and electrical conductivity.

Tenacious Mass Transfer Limitations Drive Catalytic Selectivity during Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailun Yang ◽  
Recep Kas ◽  
Wilson A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Local Current

<p>This study evaluated the performance of the commonly used strong buffer electrolytes, i.e. phosphate buffers, during CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction in neutral pH conditions by using in-situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Unfortunately, the buffers break down a lot faster than anticipated which has serious implications on many studies in the literature such as selectivity and kinetic analysis of the electrocatalysts. Increasing electrolyte concentration, surprisingly, did not extend the potential window of the phosphate buffers due to dramatic increase in hydrogen evolution reaction. Even high concentration phosphate buffers (1 M) break down within the potentials (-1 V vs RHE) where hydrocarbons are formed on copper electrodes. We have extended the discussion to high surface area electrodes by evaluating electrodes composed of copper nanowires. We would like highlight that it is not possible to cope with high local current densities on these high surface area electrodes by using high buffer capacity solutions and the CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts are needed to be evaluated by casting thin nanoparticle films onto inert substrates as commonly employed in fuel cell reactions and up to now scarcely employed in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. In addition, we underscore that normalization of the electrocatalytic activity to the electrochemical active surface area is not the ultimate solution due to concentration gradient along the catalyst layer.This will “underestimate” the activity of high surface electrocatalyst and the degree of underestimation will depend on the thickness, porosity and morphology of the catalyst layer. </p> <p> </p>

Increasing Active Surface Area to Fabricate Ultra-Hydrophobic Surface by Using “Black Silicon” with Bosch Etching Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 4919-4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithi Atthi ◽  
Jakrapong Supadech ◽  
Gaetan Dupuy ◽  
On-uma Nimittrakoolchai ◽  
Apirak Pankiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Etching Process ◽  
Black Silicon ◽  
Active Surface Area
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