2R-Cell: A Universal Cell for an Easy and Safe SOFC Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Ihringer
Keyword(s):  
1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. LALA ◽  
F. BU-SABA ◽  
A. XIE ◽  
K. C. YARLAGADDA

Nature ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 316 (6030) ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Herskowitz
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cosma

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Golze ◽  
Lutz Priese
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadet Albayrak Guralp ◽  
Ilkay Hilal Gubbuk ◽  
Semahat Kucukkolbasi ◽  
Erdogan Gulari

Author(s):  
Shiping Tang

The central mechanism of biological evolution, variation-selection-inheritance (VSI), is one of the most universal mechanisms known. Much of our understanding of VSI, however, has been dominated by the Neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis with a rather narrow understanding of what constitutes variation, selection, and inheritance. This unduly narrow understanding of VSI might have been a key cause behind our failure to adequately explain some critical puzzles in biological evolution, from the origin of the first cell to the origin of the eukaryotes, the puzzling biology of metabolism, apoptosis, aging, and cancer in metazoan.I broaden our understanding of VSI, in a spirit that is somewhat similar to several recent contributions and then extend this broadened view of VSI to its natural starting point: the origin of the First Universal Cell Ancestor (FUCA). I advance three principal arguments. First, survival comes before replication. Before the coming of reproducer and replicator, there must be survivors, to paraphrase Szathmary and Maynard Smith (1997). Second, natural selection, especially the non-Darwinian kind, can operate without replication or even metabolism, as long as different molecules, complexes, and vesicles have differential survival rate within a system. Third, merger and acquisition, via breaking-and-re-encapsulation, endocytosis, endosymbiosis, and processes similar to them, had been a far more powerful force of variation and selection in the pre-Darwinian period of evolution that led to LUCA and long before eukaryogenesis. Endosymbiosis therefore had been a far more foundational force than even Lynn Margulis and many of her supporters have appreciated. Our thesis thus goes beyond Woese’s emphasis of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and actually subsumes HGT with Margulis’ emphasis of endosymbiosis. Combing these three new perspectives with other perspectives and evidence sheds important new light upon the origin of FUCA, the singular water-shedding moment in the evolution of life.


2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250035
Author(s):  
MIREIA VINYOLES-SERRA ◽  
XAVIER VILASÍS-CARDONA

We analyze the two neuron CNN for the particular parameter range where the system converges to constant outputs. The functional relation between the external inputs and the steady state values of the neuron states is found and proves to be useful to solve classification problems. In fact, an exhaustive classification of the binary input–output relations that can be achieved by a two neuron CNN is established. From this relation, we propose an algorithm relating the CNN parameters and each one of the different classification problems. As an illustration, we attempt to implement the header action of a universal Turing machine and Boolean functions. Our results are compared to the CNN universal cell.


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