A New Paradigm for PEMFC Ultra-Thin Electrode Water Management at Low Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Steinbach ◽  
Mark K. Debe ◽  
Jimmy Wong ◽  
Michael J. Kurkowski ◽  
Andrew T. Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Thin Electrode

Influence of Anode GDL on PEMFC Ultra-Thin Electrode Water Management at Low Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Steinbach ◽  
Mark K. Debe ◽  
Matthew J. Pejsa ◽  
Daniel M. Peppin ◽  
Andrew T. Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thin Electrode

Analysing the terminology of integration in the water management field

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Furlong ◽  
Lachlan Guthrie ◽  
Saman De Silva ◽  
Robert Considine
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subject Areas

The idea that water management should take an integrated approach has become the global paradigm over the past two decades. This new paradigm has come to be known by many different names. This paper explores the use, history and meaning of these competing terms, and discusses the possible implications of this term-proliferation. The literature indicates that a minimum of 26 distinct terms have been used. The use of different terms appears to have underwritten a belief that each term identifies a distinctly different field of study. After analysing sample definitions and subject areas for the eight most frequently used terms, it has been determined that some terms do have fundamental differences and others are essentially the same. This unnecessary term-proliferation contributes to a ‘knowledge silo’ effect, impeding knowledge-sharing and research advancement within the water management field. It is recommended that both academia and industry start actively considering term-proliferation when searching and publishing literature.

scholarly journals Towards a New Paradigm in Water Management: Cochabamba’s Water Agenda from an Ethical Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Bellaubi ◽  
Rocío Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
Theoretic Point

Through the process of paradigm change (water as a resource towards water as a common), the authors examine, from a theoretic point of view, the water governability proposed by Agenda del Agua Cochabamba (AdA) – Cochabamba Water Agenda – in the Cochabamba Valley (Bolivia), identifying barriers and drivers to the process that could take place. The rise of Evo Morales in Government in 2006 suggested that policy making would somehow take a fundamental turn resulting in more poor environmental-oriented water policies. However, if that was indeed the case, the implementation of these policies remain controversial as strong power asymmetries still exist at a local level that interfere with national policies shaping the political area. The Cochabamba Water Agenda echoes this debate on the political arena and contributes a politically contested water management through a paradigm change envisaging the difficulties through its implementation. The question remains if this “political” solution to paradigm change in water management may reduce water conflicts.

scholarly journals Metabolomic analyses reveal substances that contribute to the increased freezing tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after continuous water deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Xu ◽  
Zhenyi Li ◽  
Zongyong Tong ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Xianglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Economic Losses

Abstract Background Alfalfa is a high-quality forage cultivated widely in northern China. Recently, the failure of alfalfa plants to survive the winter has caused substantial economic losses. Water management has attracted considerable attention as a method for the potential improvement of winter survival. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how changes in the water regime affect the freezing tolerance of alfalfa. Results The alfalfa variety WL353LH was cultivated under water regimes of 80 and 25% of water-holding capacity, and all the plants were subjected to low temperatures at 4/0 °C (light/dark) and then − 2/− 6 °C (light/dark). The semi-lethal temperatures were lower for water-stressed than well-watered alfalfa. The pool sizes of total soluble sugars, total amino acids, and proline changed substantially under water-deficit and low-temperature conditions. Metabolomics analyses revealed 72 subclasses of differential metabolites, among which lipid and lipid-like molecules (e.g., fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids) and amino acids, peptides, and analogues (e.g., proline betaine) were upregulated under water-deficit conditions. Some carbohydrates (e.g., D-maltose and raffinose) and flavonoids were also upregulated at low temperatures. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed 18 significantly enriched pathways involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and glycerophospholipids. Conclusions Water deficit significantly enhanced the alfalfa’ freezing tolerance, and this was correlated with increased soluble sugar, amino acid, and lipid and lipid-like molecule contents. These substances are involved in osmotic regulation, cryoprotection, and the synthesis, fluidity, and stability of the cellular membrane. Our study provides a reference for improving alfalfa’ winter survival through water management.

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