Simulation of the Effect of Additives on Electrochemical Nucleation

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

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Evaluation of the Fibrin Plate Method for Estimating Plasminogen Activators

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649043 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 28 (01) ◽

pp. 075-088 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

N. A Marsh ◽

C. L Arocha-Pinango

Keyword(s):

Tranexamic Acid ◽

Plasminogen Activators ◽

Heated Plate ◽

Plasminogen Activation ◽

Response Curves ◽

Plate Method ◽

Single Plate ◽

Effect Of Additives ◽

Threefold Increase ◽

Fibrin Plate

SummaryA study was carried out in order to evaluate the Astrup and Mullertz fibrin plate method for estimating plasminogen activators.Choice of a suitable fibrinogen substrate was found to be the most important factor in setting up a workable assay. Many preparations contained a large proportion of non-clottable protein and plates made from these fibrinogens were usually unreliable. In addition, plasminogen content varied appreciably between preparations so that sensitivity of the method required careful calibration with each new batch of fibrinogen.The effect of additives in the fibrin plate was considered and it was found that calcium chloride alone was sufficient to ensure a stabilised plate which could be stored at 4° C for some time. The addition of tranexamic acid (AMCHA) was found to be a slightly more convenient way of estimating direct proteolytic activity, compared with the traditional heated plate. However neither method distinguished completely between proteolysis and plasminogen activation.In order to improve the precision of the method, the use of an analysis of variance technique has been studied. This technique provides information on the dose-response curves of test and unknown substances, and in addition produces an approximately threefold increase in precision over single plate tests.

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Effect of Additives on High Temperature Deformation in Cubic Zirconia (Y-CSZ)

Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan ◽

10.2472/jsms.57.543 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 543-547

Author(s):

Takuma WADA ◽

Takahiro KAKEI ◽

Hiroyuki HORII ◽

Takeshi SHIONO ◽

Yasunori OKAMOTO

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

High Temperature Deformation ◽

Temperature Deformation ◽

Cubic Zirconia ◽

Effect Of Additives

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Solid State Analysis and Theoretical Explorations on Polymorphic and Hydrate Forms of p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Isonicotinichydrazone: Effect of Additives on Polymorphic Crystallization

10.26434/chemrxiv.6489425.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lincy Tom ◽

Victoria A. Smolenski ◽

Jerry P. Jasinski ◽

M.R. Prathapachandra Kurup

Keyword(s):

Hirshfeld Surface ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Space Groups ◽

Effect Of Additives ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Packing Arrangement ◽

The Stability ◽

Ir And Raman ◽

Isonicotinic Hydrazide

The reaction of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with an equimolar amount of isonicotinic hydrazide afforded two polymorphic and hydrate forms of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde isonicotinichydrazone (HBIH) by varying the experimental reaction conditions. The compounds are fully characterized by means of single crystal and powder diffraction methods, vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and Raman), thermal and elemental analysis. The compound crystallizes in three different forms in two different space groups, P21/c (form PA and PB) and Pbca (PC). The Hirshfeld surface analysis shows the differences in the relative contributions of intermolecular interactions to the total Hirshfeld surface area for the HBIH molecules. The calculated pairwise interaction energies (104-116 kJ/mol) can be related to the stability of the crystals. Energy framework analysis identifies the interaction hierarchy and their topology. The geometry and conformation of the three forms are essentially similar which differ only by packing arrangement.

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Solid State Analysis and Theoretical Explorations on Polymorphic and Hydrate Forms of p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Isonicotinichydrazone: Effect of Additives on Polymorphic Crystallization

10.26434/chemrxiv.6489425 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lincy Tom ◽

Victoria A. Smolenski ◽

Jerry P. Jasinski ◽

M.R. Prathapachandra Kurup

Keyword(s):

Hirshfeld Surface ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Space Groups ◽

Effect Of Additives ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Packing Arrangement ◽

The Stability ◽

Ir And Raman ◽

Isonicotinic Hydrazide

The reaction of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with an equimolar amount of isonicotinic hydrazide afforded two polymorphic and hydrate forms of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde isonicotinichydrazone (HBIH) by varying the experimental reaction conditions. The compounds are fully characterized by means of single crystal and powder diffraction methods, vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and Raman), thermal and elemental analysis. The compound crystallizes in three different forms in two different space groups, P21/c (form PA and PB) and Pbca (PC). The Hirshfeld surface analysis shows the differences in the relative contributions of intermolecular interactions to the total Hirshfeld surface area for the HBIH molecules. The calculated pairwise interaction energies (104-116 kJ/mol) can be related to the stability of the crystals. Energy framework analysis identifies the interaction hierarchy and their topology. The geometry and conformation of the three forms are essentially similar which differ only by packing arrangement.

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Properties of nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and high-pressure polyethylene with metal-containing nanofillers

Perspektivnye Materialy ◽

10.30791/1028-978x-2020-9-59-64 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

N. I. Kurbanova ◽

◽

T. M. Gulieva ◽

N. Ya. Ischenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Mechanochemical Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Effect Of Additives ◽

High Pressure Polyethylene ◽

Properties Of Composites

The effect of additives of nanofillers (NF) containing nanoparticles (NP) of copper oxide, stabilized by a polymer matrix of maleized polyethylene (MPE), obtained by the mechanochemical method, on the properties of composites based on isotactic polypropylene (PP) and high-pressure polyethylene (PE) was studied by X-ray phase (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyzes. The enhancement of strength, deformation, and rheological parameters, as well as the thermo-oxidative stability of the obtained nanocomposites was revealed, which, apparently, is due to the synergistic effect of the interaction of copper-containing nanoparticles with anhydride groups of MPE. It is shown that nanocomposites based on PP/PE/NF can be processed both by pressing and injection molding and extrusion, which expands the scope of its application.

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