In Situ Measurements of Water Vapor Partial Pressure and Temperature Dynamics in a PEM Fuel Cell

2010 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. B45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritobrata Sur ◽  
Thomas J. Boucher ◽  
Michael W. Renfro ◽  
Baki M. Cetegen
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Vapor Partial Pressure ◽  
Temperature Dynamics ◽  
Water Vapor Partial Pressure

In Situ Optical Diagnostics for Measurements of Water Vapor Partial Pressure in a PEM Fuel Cell

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Basu ◽  
Hang Xu ◽  
Michael W. Renfro ◽  
Baki M. Cetegen
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Vapor Partial Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Water Vapor Partial Pressure

A fiber optic coupled diode laser sensor has been constructed for in situ measurements of water vapor partial pressure in active proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems. The bipolar plate of a prototypical PEM fuel cell was modified to allow for transmission of a near infrared laser beam through the flow channels on either the fuel or oxidizer side of its membrane-electrode assembly. The laser wavelength was scanned over several water rotational and vibrational transitions and the light absorption was detected by measuring the transmitted laser power through the device. The intensity and line shape of the measured transition was used to extract path-averaged values for the water vapor partial pressure. Measurements were initially taken in a non-operating cell with known temperature and humidity input gas streams to calibrate and test the optical device. A technique for rapid determination of the water partial pressure was developed. The optical technique is applicable over a significant temperature and humidity operating range of a PEM fuel cell. The measurement technique was applied to an operating PEM fuel cell system to examine the effects of incoming gas humidity and load on the water vapor partial pressure variation in one of the flow channels.

In-Situ Optical Measurements of Water Vapor Concentration and Temperature in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell at Steady State and Under Dynamic Cycling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritobrata Sur ◽  
Thomas J. Boucher ◽  
Michael W. Renfro ◽  
Baki M. Cetegen
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Water Vapor Concentration

A robust, accurate and fast in-situ sensor was developed for detection of water vapor partial pressure and temperature simultaneously at the anode and cathode channels of a PEM fuel cell. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) utilizing wavelength modulation (WMS) was employed for these measurements. This method determines the ratio of the second and first harmonics (2f/1f) of the spectroscopic absorption profile of water vapor by the aid of a software lock-in amplifier. Measurements were taken using a diode laser emitting around a wavelength of 1471 nm where the water vapor absorption exhibits significant sensitivity to partial pressure and temperature. Measurements of water vapor concentration and temperature in were taken at steady and dynamic operating conditions in the anode and cathode gas channels near the inlet and outlet ports of a serpentine channel PEM fuel cell with Nafion membrane of active area 50 cm2. Different load and inlet humidity conditions were tested to characterize the operation at different conditions. The partial pressure of water vapor increases towards the exit of both the gas channels, but the increase is found to be more significant on the cathode side. The dynamic operation of the fuel cell was also examined in this study as well as the simultaneous measurements at the anode and cathode gas channels.

Exposure Test Results of Lu2Si2O7 in Combustion Gas Flow at High Temperature and High Speed

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Yuri ◽  
Tohru Hisamatsu ◽  
Shunkichi Ueno ◽  
Tatsuki Ohji
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Vapor Partial Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Partial Pressure

In order to understand recession behavior and the amount of recession of Lu2Si2O7 in the combustion gas flow, sintered Lu2Si2O7 specimens were manufactured by hot pressing and exposed under various combustion gas flow conditions (T = 1300–1500 °C, P = 0.3 MPa, V = 150 m/s, PH2O = 27–69 kPa, t = 10h). After the exposure tests, etch pits, which are assumed to form due to volatilization of SiO2 in the grain boundary phase, were observed at the surface of specimen. The amount of Lu2SiO5 phase at the surface of specimen increased with the increase of gas temperature or water vapor partial pressure. A corresponding decrease in the amount of Lu2Si2O7 phase was observed. Furthermore, by using the average weight loss rate for exposure times of ten hours, the influence of gas temperature and water vapor partial pressure on weight loss rate was examined, and the amount of recession under gas turbine conditions was calculated.

Degradation of Silicon Carbide in Combustion Gas Flow at High-Temperature and Speed

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yuri ◽  
T. Hisamatsu ◽  
Y. Etori ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Vapor Partial Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Partial Pressure

Effects of various basic factors of combustion gas flow conditions on degradation behaviors of silicon carbide have been experimentally determined. The exposure tests were performed for widely varied experimental parameters of the gas temperatures (T = 900–1500°C), pressure (P = 0.3–0.8MPa), gas flow rate (V = 50–250m/s), water vapor partial pressure (PH2O = 32–82kPa) and oxygen partial pressure (PO2 = 24–44kPa). Degradation behaviors of silicon carbide were expressed as the weight loss of the substrate. The weight loss rate depends on the water vapor partial pressure remarkably. The effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the weight loss was smaller than that of the water vapor partial pressure, and the weight loss decreased with the increase of the oxygen partial pressure. Considering the effects of partial pressures of oxygen and water vapor, the gas temperature and the pressure didn’t have much effect on the weight loss. The weight loss depends on the gas flow rate, the increase rate of the weight loss for the gas flow rate becomes small with the gas flow rate. Consequently, the water vapor partial pressure, the oxygen partial pressure, the gas temperature, the pressure and the gas flow rate dependence of the weight loss rate is expressed as PH2O1.9 V0.6 P0.3 / PO20.6.

Dependence of the Electrochemical Performance of Ni/YSZ Anode on Water Vapor Partial Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1973-1978
Author(s):  
Riyan Achmad Budiman ◽  
Tomohiro Ishiyama ◽  
Shu-Sheng Liu ◽  
Katherine Develos- Bagarinao ◽  
Haruo Kishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Vapor Partial Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Partial Pressure
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