The Nature of Aluminum Destruction at Neutral Mediums with Different Anion Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (43) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Tatiana Borisenkova ◽  
Svetlana Kaluzhina
Keyword(s):  
Anion Composition

The Interrelationship between ECF Volume and ECF Anion Composition in the Regulation of Sodium Excretion

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
J. J. Cohen ◽  
J. A. Chazan ◽  
S. Garella
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Anion Composition ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion

1. The interrelationship between extracellular fluid volume and extracellular anion composition as determinants of sodium excretion was studied in thirty-four dogs. In six, hypovolaemia, hypochloraemia and hyperbicarbonataemia were induced by the administration of ethacrynic acid and a low chloride diet. Isotonic sodium bicarbonate was then infused resulting in a progressive increase in sodium excretion. After 3 h while continuing the sodium bicarbonate infusion, an infusion of hydrochloric acid was given in order to return extracellular anion composition towards normal. This resulted in a prompt fall in sodium excretion without a change in GFR. 2. Ten studies were performed to determine whether this hydrochloric acid-induced enhancement of sodium conservation depends upon the presence of volume depletion and sodium avidity or whether it could also be demonstrated under circumstances of volume expansion. In these studies, hypervolaemia, hypochloraemia, hyperbicarbonataemia and a brisk natriuresis were induced by infusing isotonic sodium bicarbonate into normal dogs. The addition of hydrochloric acid returned anion composition to normal and, as before, resulted in a prompt suppression of sodium excretion despite continued sodium loading and enhanced glomerular filtration. 3. Results obtained from three related protocols (six animals each) confirmed that hypochloraemia and hyperbicarbonataemia were the necessary prerequisite conditions for this effect of hydrochloric acid in volume expanded animals. We interpret these findings as evidence that the response of the kidney to changes in extracellular fluid volume may be significantly affected by changes in the extracellular concentration of physiologic anions.

Effect of Dietary Anion Composition on Acid-Induced Hypercalciuria in the Adult Rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
David E. C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Adult Rat ◽  
Anion Composition

Controlling anion composition at MIS interfaces on III-V channels by plasma processing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jevasuwan ◽  
Y. Urabe ◽  
T. Maeda ◽  
N. Miyata ◽  
T. Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Anion Composition

Evaluating the solvation properties of functionalized ionic liquids with varied cation/anion composition using the solvation parameter model

2011 ◽  
Vol 1218 (31) ◽  
pp. 5311-5318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Twu ◽  
Qichao Zhao ◽  
William R. Pitner ◽  
William E. Acree ◽  
Gary A. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solvation Parameter Model ◽  
Anion Composition ◽  
Solvation Parameter

scholarly journals Functional coupling of apical Cl−/HCO3− exchange with CFTR in stimulated HCO3− secretion by guinea pig interlobular pancreatic duct

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. G1307-G1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Stewart ◽  
A. Yamamoto ◽  
M. Nakakuki ◽  
T. Kondo ◽  
S. L. Alper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Rich Solution ◽  
Anion Composition ◽  
Apical Membranes ◽  
Exchange Activity

Pancreatic ductal epithelium produces a HCO3−-rich fluid. HCO3− transport across ductal apical membranes has been proposed to be mediated by both SLC26-mediated Cl−/HCO3− exchange and CFTR-mediated HCO3− conductance, with proportional contributions determined in part by axial changes in gene expression and luminal anion composition. In this study we investigated the characteristics of apical Cl−/HCO3− exchange and its functional interaction with Cftr activity in isolated interlobular ducts of guinea pig pancreas. BCECF-loaded epithelial cells of luminally microperfused ducts were alkalinized by acetate prepulse or by luminal Cl− removal in the presence of HCO3−-CO2. Intracellular pH recovery upon luminal Cl− restoration (nominal Cl−/HCO3− exchange) in cAMP-stimulated ducts was largely inhibited by luminal dihydro-DIDS (H2DIDS), accelerated by luminal CFTR inhibitor inh-172 (CFTRinh-172), and was insensitive to elevated bath K+ concentration. Luminal introduction of CFTRinh-172 into sealed duct lumens containing BCECF-dextran in HCO3−-free, Cl−-rich solution enhanced cAMP-stimulated HCO3− secretion, as calculated from changes in luminal pH and volume. Luminal Cl− removal produced, after a transient small depolarization, sustained cell hyperpolarization of ∼15 mV consistent with electrogenic Cl−/HCO3− exchange. The hyperpolarization was inhibited by H2DIDS and potentiated by CFTRinh-172. Interlobular ducts expressed mRNAs encoding CFTR, Slc26a6, and Slc26a3, as detected by RT-PCR. Thus Cl−-dependent apical HCO3− secretion in pancreatic duct is mediated predominantly by an Slc26a6-like Cl−/HCO3− exchanger and is accelerated by inhibition of CFTR. This study demonstrates functional coupling between Cftr and Slc26a6-like Cl−/HCO3− exchange activity in apical membrane of guinea pig pancreatic interlobular duct.

The flow properties of axoplasm in a defined chemical environment: influence of anions and calcium

1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1160) ◽  
pp. 323-345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Environment ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Giant Axons ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Anion Composition

The flow properties of axoplasm have been studied in a defined chemical environment. Axoplasm extruded from squid giant axons was introduced into porous cellulose acetate tubes of diameter roughly equal to that of the original axon. Passage of axoplasm along the tube rapidly coated the tube walls with a layer of protein. By measuring the rate of flow back and forth along the tube, the rheological properties of the axoplasm plug were investigated at a range of pressures and in a variety of media. Axoplasm behaves as a classical Bingham body the motion of which can be characterized by a yield stress ( θ ) and a plastic viscosity ( η p1 ). In a potassium methanesulphonate medium containing 65 nM free Ca 2+ , θ averaged 109 ± 46 dyn/cm 2 and η p1 146 ± 83 P. † These values were little affected by ATP, colchicine, cytocholasin B or by replacing K by Na but were sensitive to the anion composition of the medium. The effectiveness of different anions at reducing θ and η p1 was in the order SCN > I > Br > Cl > methanesul­phonate. θ and η p1 were also drastically reduced by increasing the ionized Ca. This effect required millimolar amounts of Ca, was unaffected by the presence of ATP and was irreversible. It could be blocked by the protease inhibitor TLCK. E. p. r. measurements showed that within the matrix of the axoplasm gel there is a watery space that is largely unaffected by anions or calcium.

scholarly journals Raman scattering quantitative assessment of the anion composition ratio in Zn(O,S) layers for Cd-free chalcogenide-based solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
pp. 24536-24542 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guc ◽  
M. Neuschitzer ◽  
D. Hariskos ◽  
A. Bauer ◽  
W. Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Free Alternative ◽  
Anion Composition

This work reports the use of Raman scattering for the chemical characterization of Zn(O,S) layers that are being developed as a Cd-free alternative for the buffer layer in advanced chalcogenide solar cells.

Active and passive chloride transport by the rabbit cortical collecting duct

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. F1388-F1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Wingo
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Cortical Collecting Duct ◽  
Cl Secretion ◽  
K Secretion ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Transepithelial Voltage ◽  
Anion Composition ◽  
Low K

Dietary K intake has been shown to influence solute flux in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). We recently observed active Cl secretion by the CCD when rabbits were fed a K-rich diet. The present studies examined two different methods of K loading (KHCO3 or KCl) on net Cl flux (JNet Cl), active Cl flux (JA Cl), and passive Cl flux (JP Cl) by the rabbit CCD. These two methods of K loading were compared with a low-K diet (control or NaHCO3 diet) that had the same anion composition as the KHCO3 diet (Na for K substitution). In the low-K group there was neither significant net Cl transport nor active Cl secretion. Increasing dietary K content (KHCO3 group) resulted in significant net Cl secretion (JNet Cl = -26.3 +/- 9.3 pmol.mm-1.min-1). Moreover, K secretion was significantly greater (23.8 +/- 4.3 pmol.mm-1.min-1) and transepithelial voltage (VT) was more lumen negative (-14.8 +/- 5.9 mV) compared with the low-K group (P less than 0.05). Consequently, there was both significant passive Cl absorption and significant active Cl secretion. In the KCl group there was significant net Cl absorption (JNet Cl = 17.2 +/- 5.1 pmol.mm-1.min-1, P less than 0.05 vs. low-K diet). However, Na absorption significantly exceeded JNet Cl (JNet Na = 42.0 +/- 7.2 pmol.mm-1.min-1, P less than 0.01), and this group also exhibited the most lumen-negative voltage (VT = -35.4 +/- 5.4 mV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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