A Novel Electrochemical Cell Employing a Rotating Bipolar Electrode

1975 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Nadebaum ◽  
T. Z. Fahidy
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Bipolar Electrode

scholarly journals Bipolar Electrode Array Embedded in a Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 32405-32410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gao ◽  
Shulun Chen ◽  
Faleh AlTal ◽  
Shiyu Hu ◽  
Laurent Bouffier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Light Emitting

Electrochemical cell

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
J Coetzer
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Cell

Accuracy of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography assessed using intraoperative subcortical stimulation mapping and magnetic source imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey I. Berman ◽  
Mitchel S. Berger ◽  
Sungwon Chung ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan ◽  
Roland G. Henry
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Fiber Tracking ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Source Imaging ◽  
Motor Pathway ◽  
Magnetic Source ◽  
Subcortical Stimulation

Object Resecting brain tumors involves the risk of damaging the descending motor pathway. Diffusion tensor (DT)–imaged fiber tracking is a noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) technique that can delineate the subcortical course of the motor pathway. The goal of this study was to use intraoperative subcortical stimulation mapping of the motor tract and magnetic source imaging to validate the utility of DT-imaged fiber tracking as a tool for presurgical planning. Methods Diffusion tensor-imaged fiber tracks of the motor tract were generated preoperatively in nine patients with gliomas. A mask of the resultant fiber tracks was overlaid on high-resolution T1- and T2-weighted anatomical MR images and used for stereotactic surgical navigation. Magnetic source imaging was performed in seven of the patients to identify functional somatosensory cortices. During resection, subcortical stimulation mapping of the motor pathway was performed within the white matter using a bipolar electrode. Results A total of 16 subcortical motor stimulations were stereotactically identified in nine patients. The mean distance between the stimulation sites and the DT-imaged fiber tracks was 8.7 ±3.1 mm (±standard deviation). The measured distance between subcortical stimulation sites and DT-imaged fiber tracks combines tracking technique errors and all errors encountered with stereotactic navigation. Conclusions Fiber tracks delineated using DT imaging can be used to identify the motor tract in deep white matter and define a safety margin around the tract.

Battery Losses In a MMC for BEVS Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Dannier ◽  
Gianluca Brando ◽  
Ivan Spina ◽  
Diego Iannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Modular Multilevel Converter ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Sinusoidal Voltage ◽  
Current Waveform ◽  
Voltage Source Inverter ◽  
Multilevel Converter

Objective:This paper analyses the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology, where each individual Sub Module (SM), in half bridge configuration, is directly fed by an elementary electrochemical cell.Methods:The aim is to investigate how the reference voltages influence the cells currents waveforms, determining how the active powers and the losses are distributed among the cells. Considering a 2-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) topology working in the same conditions, the ratio between the MMC total cells losses and VSI total cells losses is calculated. After showing the system architecture and mathematical model, the cells current waveform investigation is presented and detailed both for triangular and sinusoidal voltage reference waveform.Results:Finally, the results are critically discussed with particular focus on the comparison between the MMC and the VSI topologies.

Photo-Current Enhancement at Cu/p-Cu2O/rGO- Electrolyte Interface

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P.A.U.K. Samarakoon ◽  
C.A.N. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Time Development ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Efficient Charge ◽  
Photo Current

A considerable photo-current enhancement was found at the Cu/p-Cu2O/rGO-electrolyte interface in a photo-electrochemical cell with compared to that of Cu/p-Cu2O-electrolyte interface. The reason for the photo-current enhancement may be due to the efficient charge separation process provided at Cu/p-Cu2O/rGO-electrolyte interface. Here rGO (reduced graphene oxide) acts as an electron acceptor for the photo-generated charge carriers as it readily accept electrons from the conduction band of p-Cu2O. rGO was synthesized using electro-phoretic deposition (EPD) technique. Fabricated samples were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectra, photo-current action spectra and the time development of the photocurrent of photo-electrochemical cells.

Amplitude cancellation reduces the size of motor unit potentials averaged from the surface EMG

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1928-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Keenan ◽  
Dario Farina ◽  
Roberto Merletti ◽  
Roger M. Enoka
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Excitation Level ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Motor Unit Synchronization ◽  
Rate Coding ◽  
Simulated Surface

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of selected physiological parameters on amplitude cancellation in the simulated surface electromyogram (EMG) and the consequences for spike-triggered averages of motor unit potentials derived from the interference and rectified EMG signals. The surface EMG was simulated from prescribed recruitment and rate coding characteristics of a motor unit population. The potentials of the motor units were detected on the skin over a hand muscle with a bipolar electrode configuration. Averages derived from the EMG signal were generated using the discharge times for each of the 24 motor units with lowest recruitment thresholds from a population of 120 across three conditions: 1) excitation level; 2) motor unit conduction velocity; and 3) motor unit synchronization. The area of the surface-detected potential was compared with potentials averaged from the interference, rectified, and no-cancellation EMGs. The no-cancellation EMG comprised motor unit potentials that were rectified before they were summed, thereby preventing cancellation between the opposite phases of the potentials. The percent decrease in area of potentials extracted from the rectified EMG was linearly related to the amount of amplitude cancellation in the interference EMG signal, with the amount of cancellation influenced by variation in excitation level and motor unit conduction velocity. Motor unit synchronization increased potentials derived from both the rectified and interference EMG signals, although cancellation limited the increase in area for both potentials. These findings document the influence of amplitude cancellation on motor unit potentials averaged from the surface EMG and the consequences for using the procedure to characterize motor unit properties.

Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in the Microwell Bipolar Electrode Array Prepared with an Optical Fiber Bundle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Li ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Han Zhou ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Miaoxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Optical Fiber Bundle
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