Scale‐Up Studies of the Electrosynthesis of Dinitrogen Pentoxide in Nitric Acid

1997 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 2032-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Harrar ◽  
R. Quong ◽  
L. P. Rigdon ◽  
R. R. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Dinitrogen Pentoxide

scholarly journals Nitrate formation from heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide during a severe winter haze in southern China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yun ◽  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Men Xia ◽  
Chuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Dinitrogen Pentoxide

Abstract. Nitrate (NO3−) has become a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during hazy days in China. However, the role of the heterogeneous reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) in nitrate formation is not well constrained. In January 2017, a severe haze event occurred in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of southern China during which high levels of PM2.5 (~ 400 μg m−3) and O3 (~ 160 ppbv) were observed at a semi-rural site (Heshan) in the western PRD. Nitrate concentrations were up to 108 μg m−3 (1 h time resolution), and the contribution of nitrate to PM2.5 reached nearly 40 %. Concurrent increases in NO3− and ClNO2 (with a maximum value of 8.3 ppbv in 1 min time resolution) were observed in the first several hours after sunset, indicating an intense N2O5 heterogeneous uptake on aerosols. The formation potential of NO3− via N2O5 heterogeneous reactions was estimated to be 39.7 to 77.3 μg m−3 in the early hours (3 to 6 h) after sunset based on the measurement data, which could completely explain the measured increase in the NO3− concentration during the same time period. Daytime production of nitric acid from the gas-phase reaction of OH + NO2 was calculated with a chemical box model built using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.3.1) and constrained by the measurement data. The integrated nocturnal nitrate formed via N2O5 chemistry was comparable to or even higher than the nitric acid formed during the daytime. This study confirms that N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry was a significant source of aerosol nitrate during hazy days in southern China.

Miscanthus-Derived Boiethanol: Experience of Primary Set-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Baibakova ◽  
E. A. Skiba ◽  
V. V. Budaeva ◽  
Yu. A. Gismatulina ◽  
G. V. Sakovich
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Process Scale Up ◽  
Set Up

In industrial chemistry, there is a growing demand for the precursors obtained by bioengineering methods; particularly, bioethanol can be used for the production of ethylene. In this study, Miscanthus sacchariflorus was used for the first time as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The step of miscanthus chemical treatment with a 4 wt.% solution of nitric acid was successfully scaled up under the conditions of pilot-plant production; the product of nitric acid treatment (PNAT) was obtained with the yield of 37.4 % and the content of hydrolyzed components equal to 96.0 %. It was shown that the chemical pretreatment of miscanthus with nitric acid, irrespective of its breed, makes it possible to obtain substrates with close chemical compositions. The goal of the study was to perform the primary scale-up of the joint saccharification-fermentation of miscanthus-derived PNAT in an 11 L fermenter (at a scaling factor 1 : 8) with increasing the PNAT concentration from 60.0 to 90.0 g/L. Saccharification was carried out using the commercially available enzymatic preparations Cellolux-A and Bruzyme BGX, and fermentation – using the VKPM yeast strain Saccharomyces сerevisiae Y-1693. It was found that as the substrate concentration is raised from 60.0 to 90.0 g/L, the concentration of bioethanol increases by 9.5 g/L; the substrate concentration of 90.0 g/L was recommended for use in the process scale-up for the pilot-plant production. A scheme of bioethanol production yielding 202 L of bioethanol from ton of miscanthus was proposed.

Synthesis of nitric acid esters from alcohols in a dinitrogen pentoxide/carbon dioxide liquid system

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Kuchurov ◽  
Igor V. Fomenkov ◽  
Sergei G. Zlotin ◽  
Vladimir A. Tartakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Dinitrogen Pentoxide ◽  
Acid Esters
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