Response Time of Thin‐Layer Electrolytic Cells to Potential‐Step Signals

1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 4006-4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Yamada ◽  
Fusao Kitamura ◽  
Takeo Ohsaka ◽  
Koichi Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Potential Step ◽  
Electrolytic Cells

On the Mechanism of Electrohydrodynamic Convection in Thin-Layer Electrolytic Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (33) ◽  
pp. 6367-6374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Orlik ◽  
Karl Doblhofer ◽  
Gerhard Ertl
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Electrolytic Cells

scholarly journals Miniaturization of flow-through generation cells for electrochemical hydride generation in AAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hraníček ◽  
V. Červený ◽  
P. Rychlovský
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Electrolytic Cells ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
The One ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Hydride Generation

AbstractThe construction and optimization of five new types of miniaturized flow-through electrolytic cells with lead cathode and platinum anode for electrochemical hydride generation in atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-QFAAS) were achieved during this research study. The ion-exchange membrane was not part of these cells and only one carrying electrolyte for both electrode chambers was used. Hydride generation efficiency achieved was either comparable or higher than the one recorded for the classic thin-layer generation cell. The inner volume of the cathode chamber was reduced to a quarter of the classic thin-layer flow-through cell. Compared to the commonly used thin-layer flow-through cell, higher sensitivity (7.32×103 dm3 µg−1) and better limit of detection (0.32 µg dm−3) were obtained for selenium determination using two of these new generators.

Effect of Graphene Thin Layer on a Static and Dynamic Magnetostrictive Behavior in TbDyFe Multi-Layered Film for Micro Energy Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6776-6781
Author(s):  
Heung-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Magnetostrictive Actuator ◽  
Magnetostrictive Behavior ◽  
Low Magnetic Field

Magnetos-mechanical behaviors of TbDyFe/Graphene/TbDyFe film were compared with a tri-layered TbDyFe film to verify the effects of a graphene thin layer on the improvement of magnetic-mechanical performance, as well as decrease of dynamic response time under the low magnetic field. Both of the Heisenberg model and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation were used to calculate the magnetic domain motion. Time consumptions were simulated to determine a uniformly magnetized state in Graphene and TbDyFe layers. To ensure the magnetostrictive characteristics, the magnetic moment and the magnetostriction were measured using a fabricated magnetostrictive actuator. Compare to the three-layer TbDyFe films, TbDyFe/Graphene/TbDyFe showed a higher magnetostrictive behavior in response to low coercive forces in the range of 0 to 10 kA/m, even with the addition of low magnetic fields. The dynamic magnetostriction response time was faster than the tri-layered TbDyFe film by approximately 24 millisecond.

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

Temporal Prediction Errors Affect Short-Term Memory Scanning Response Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Roberto Limongi ◽  
Angélica M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Prediction

Abstract. The Sternberg short-term memory scanning task has been used to unveil cognitive operations involved in time perception. Participants produce time intervals during the task, and the researcher explores how task performance affects interval production – where time estimation error is the dependent variable of interest. The perspective of predictive behavior regards time estimation error as a temporal prediction error (PE), an independent variable that controls cognition, behavior, and learning. Based on this perspective, we investigated whether temporal PEs affect short-term memory scanning. Participants performed temporal predictions while they maintained information in memory. Model inference revealed that PEs affected memory scanning response time independently of the memory-set size effect. We discuss the results within the context of formal and mechanistic models of short-term memory scanning and predictive coding, a Bayes-based theory of brain function. We state the hypothesis that our finding could be associated with weak frontostriatal connections and weak striatal activity.

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