scholarly journals Strategies to Increase Cancer Detection: Review of True-Positive and False-Negative Results at Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Screening

Radiographics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina E. Korhonen ◽  
Susan P. Weinstein ◽  
Elizabeth S. McDonald ◽  
Emily F. Conant
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results

THE DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF URINAY AND SERUM CYTOKERATINS FOR URINARY BLADDER CANCER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIORGI ADEISHVILI ◽  
MIKHEIL SHAVDIA ◽  
DAVID TABAGARI
Keyword(s):  
Initial Level ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Tumor Focus ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Positive Results

In our opinion, the obtained results show that the level of UBC cytokeratin determined in urine reflects the destruction of tissue by the tumor to a greater extent with deep invasion and with large tumor sizes. We believe that a decrease in the sensitivity of the UBC test in detecting recurrence in patients after TUR, in comparison with the sensitivity of the UBC test in patients with BC prior to treatment, is associated with an initial level of cytodestruction in the relapse of BC. The level of serum cytokeratin TPA largely reflects the onset of metabolic changes in the tumor focus. It is the combination of UBC + TPA tests that gives rise to true-positive results and a reduction in false-negative results, which increases the sensitivity of the method.

Efficacy of the Self-inflating Bulb in Confirming Tracheal Intubation in the Morbidly Obese

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lang ◽  
Yaser Wafai ◽  
Ramez M. Salem ◽  
Edward A. Czinn ◽  
Ayman A. Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
The Self ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Esophageal Intubation ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Positive Results

Background This study was designed to determine the incidence of false-negative and false-positive results when the self-inflating bulb (SIB) is used to differentiate tracheal from esophageal intubation in morbidly obese patients using two techniques. In technique 1, the SIB is compressed before it is connected to the tube; in technique 2, the SIB is compressed after connection to the tube. Methods With institutional review board approval, 54 consenting adult morbidly obese patients (body mass index > 35) undergoing elective surgical procedures were included in the study. After anesthetic induction and muscle relaxation, both the trachea and esophagus were intubated under direct vision with identical cuffed tubes. The efficacy of the SIB in verifying the position of both tubes was tested by a second anesthesiologist. The speed of reinflation was graded as rapid ( < 4 s) or none ( > 4 s), using both techniques. In the case of tracheal intubation, the absence of reinflation was recorded as a false-negative, whereas in cases of esophageal intubation, rapid reinflation was recorded as a false-positive. Identification of tube location by the second anesthesiologist was based on SIB reinflation results from techniques 1 and 2, as well as the presence of a flatuslike sound elicited by technique 2 in esophageally placed tubes. All patients were retested by the SIB after receiving three breaths of 400-500 ml each. In all patients exhibiting false-negative results, six obese patients exhibiting true-positive results, and four nonobese patients exhibiting true-positive results, tracheal responses to the SIB maneuvers were observed directly by a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope incorporating an airtight system, 15-20 min after mechanical ventilation was instituted. Results The incidence of false-negative results was initially 30% with technique 1 and 11% with technique 2, but decreased to 4% when technique 2 was used after the delivery of three breaths. The second anesthesiologist initially identified tube location in 92.5% of patients correctly. After the delivery of three breaths, tube location was correctly identified in 96.3% of patients. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination of the patients exhibiting false-negative results revealed exaggerated inward bulging of the posterior tracheal membrane during reinflation of the SIB when technique 1 was used. Conclusions Contrary to previous investigations in healthy patients, the current study demonstrates a high incidence of false-negative results when the SIB is used to confirm tracheal intubation in morbidly obese patients. If the SIB is used, the technique should include compression of the SIB after connection to the tube and should be used in conjunction with other clinical signs and technical aids. The mechanism of false-negative results in these patients seems to be related to reduction of caliber of airways secondary to a marked decrease in functional residual capacity, and collapse of large airways due to invagination of the posterior tracheal wall when sub-atmospheric pressure is generated by the SIB.

scholarly journals Which Modality Should Be Integrated to Increase the Diagnostic Efficiency of BI-RADS 0, 3, and 4 Lesions? Ultrasonography or Digital Breast Tomosynthesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Fatma Arslan ◽  
Aysegul Altunkeser ◽  
Nergis Aksoy ◽  
Muslu Kazım Korez ◽  
Ethem Omeroglu
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Breast Parenchyma ◽  
Dense Breasts ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Digital mammography (DM) is one of the most common and effective radiological methods for breast cancer screening and detection. A dense fibroglandular breast tissue can lead to false negative results by superimposing on the lesion margins. Therefore, adjunctive imaging methods, such as digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and ultrasonography (US), are needed to increase mammographic sensitivity. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the contribution of US and DBT to DM in different patient groups (patients group of BI-RADS 0 and 3-4 lesions, patients with dense breast parenchyma, patients with non-dense breast parenchyma).. Whether US and DBT can upgrade or downgrade the BI-RADS category of uncertain lesions detected on DM was also investigated. Patients and Methods: Forty-six patients, who were classified as BI-RADS categories 0, 3, and 4 in DM, according to DBT and US findings, were included in the study. DM followed by DBT was performed for the patients, and the BI-RADS classification system was applied. Subsequently, the patients were evaluated sonographically, and the BI-RADS system was applied according to the US results. Each BI-RADS category was compared with the histopathological and multimodality follow-up results. The diagnostic performance of all modalities was also examined alone and in combination. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of DM alone was 42% and 87%, respectively. DBT detected the lesions with 92% sensitivity and 68% specificity. The modality with the highest sensitivity for the detection of malignant lesions was US (100%). Besides, the specificity of DBT was significantly high for dense breasts (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of the diagnostic accuracy of US measurements between dense and non-dense breasts. For indeterminate lesions, the integration of DBT and US to DM increased the diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The contribution of DBT is more valuable than US in patients with dense breast parenchyma.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Near-Infrared Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Imaging to Identify Parathyroid Glands: A Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Lerchenberger ◽  
Norah Al Arabi ◽  
Julia K. S. Gallwas ◽  
Herbert Stepp ◽  
Klaus K. J. Hallfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
False Negative Results

Objective. To investigate the feasibility of near-infrared autofluorescence (AF) and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence to identify parathyroid glands intraoperatively. Methods. Fluorescence imaging was carried out during open parathyroid and thyroid surgery. After visual identification, parathyroid glands were exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength between 690 and 770 nm. The camera of the Storz® NIR/ICG endoscopic system used detects NIR light as a blue signal. Therefore, parathyroid AF was expected to be displayed in the blue color channel in contrast to the surrounding tissue. Following AF imaging, a bolus of 5 mg ICG was applied intravenously. ICG fluorescence was detected using the same NIR/ICG imaging system. Well-vascularized parathyroid glands were expected to show a strong fluorescence in contrast to surrounding lymphatic and adipose tissue. Results. We investigated 78 parathyroid glands from 50 patients. 64 parathyroid glands (82%) displayed AF showing the typical bluish violet color. 63 parathyroid glands (81%) showed a strong and persistent fluorescence after application of ICG. The sensitivity of identifying a parathyroid gland by AF was 82% (64 true positive and 14 false negative results), while ICG imaging showed a sensitivity of 81% (63 true positive and 15 false negative results). The Fisher exact test revealed no significant difference between both groups at p<0.05. Neither lymph nodes nor adipose tissue revealed substantial AF or ICG fluorescence. Conclusion. AF and ICG fluorescence reveal a high degree of sensitivity in identifying parathyroid glands. Further, ICG imaging facilitates the assessment of parathyroid perfusion. However, in the current setting both techniques are not suitable as screening tools to identify parathyroid glands at an early stage of the operation.

Critical Evaluation of Impedance Phlebography for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Kenneth K Wu ◽  
John C Hoak ◽  
Robert W Barnes ◽  
Stuart L Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Positive Results

SummaryIn order to evaluate its daily variability and reliability, impedance phlebography was performed daily or on alternate days on 61 patients with deep vein thrombosis, of whom 47 also had 125I-fibrinogen uptake tests and 22 had radiographic venography. The results showed that impedance phlebography was highly variable and poorly reliable. False positive results were noted in 8 limbs (18%) and false negative results in 3 limbs (7%). Despite its being simple, rapid and noninvasive, its clinical usefulness is doubtful when performed according to the original method.

Scoring System for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farouk Allam
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Due to the international spread of COVID-19, the difficulty of collecting nasopharyngeal swab specimen from all suspected patients, the costs of RT-PCR and CT, and the false negative results of RT-PCR assay in 41% of COVID-19 patients, a scoring system is needed to classify the suspected patients in order to determine the need for follow-up, home isolation, quarantine or the conduction of further investigations. A scoring system is proposed as a diagnostic tool for suspected patients. It includes Epidemiological Evidence of Exposure, Clinical Symptoms and Signs, and Investigations (if available). This scoring system is simple, could be calculated in a few minutes, and incorporates the main possible data/findings of any patient.

Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sputum Samples by Real- Time PCR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Shakib ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Method

Background: Conventional laboratory culture-based methods for diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae are time-consuming and yield false negative results. Molecular methods including real-time (RT)-PCR rapid methods and conventional PCR due to higher sensitivity and accuracy have been replaced instead traditional culture assay. The aim of the current study was to evaluate lytA gene for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid of human patients with meningitis using real-time PCR assay. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 30 clinical specimens were collected from patients in a period from September to December 2018. In order to evaluate the presence of lytA gene, conventional and real-time PCR methods were used without culture. Results: From 30 sputum samples five (16.66%) isolates were identified as S. pneumoniae by lytA PCR and sequencing. Discussion: In this research, an accurate and rapid real-time PCR method was used, which is based on lytA gene for diagnosis of bacteria so that it can be diagnosed. Based on the sequencing results, the sensitivity for detection of lytA gene was 100% (5/5).

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