Ladd's Bands in Older Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Radiology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Friedland ◽  
Robert Mason ◽  
G. Joseph Poole
Keyword(s):  
Older Children ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Ladd's Bands

Most meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores that are greater than 100, but processing may increase or reduce protein quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Bailey ◽  
John K. Mathai ◽  
Eric P. Berg ◽  
Hans H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Beef Jerky

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) >100 and that various processing methods will increase standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS. Nine ileal-cannulated gilts were randomly allotted to a 9 × 8 Youden square design with nine diets and eight 7-d periods. Values for SID of AA and DIAAS for two reference patterns were calculated for salami, bologna, beef jerky, raw ground beef, cooked ground beef and ribeye roast heated to 56, 64 or 72°C. The SID of most AA was not different among salami, bologna, beef jerky and cooked ground beef, but was less (P < 0·05) than the values for raw ground beef. The SID of AA for 56°C ribeye roast was not different from the values for raw ground beef and 72°C ribeye roast, but greater (P < 0·05) than those for 64°C ribeye roast. For older children, adolescents and adults, the DIAAS for all proteins, except cooked ground beef, were >100 and bologna and 64°C ribeye roast had the greatest (P < 0·05) DIAAS. The limiting AA for this age group were sulphur AA (beef jerky), leucine (bologna, raw ground beef and cooked ground beef) and valine (salami and the three ribeye roasts). In conclusion, meat products generally provide high-quality protein with DIAAS >100 regardless of processing. However, overcooking meat may reduce AA digestibility and DIAAS.

scholarly journals ADHD: Current Questions and Research

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 638-638
Author(s):  
Jeffery Newcorn
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
The One

The past decade has seen an increased focus on the developmental trajectory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with the recognition that ADHD is, for many, a life-long condition akin to many other chronic illnesses. There has been an increase in the extent to which young children, adolescents, and adults receive a diagnosis of ADHD, yet there remain many poorly understood and controversial issues within the scientific community and the lay public. Do ADHD patients of different ages present with similar manifestations of the disorder, and if so, why was this not recognized for so long? Are there alternative clinical presentations among ADHD patients of different ages? What is the nature of comorbidity in ADHD over the course of development, and what are its functional consequences? How can we best measure and define ADHD, differentiating it from normal activity in young children, on the one hand, and other psychiatric disorders in older children and adults on the other? This is a key issue because ADHD has been a controversial diagnostic entity to many nonpsychiatrists because there is no one laboratory task that defines it. Most importantly, how do we understand issues related to risk and resilience in a longitudinal model, and can we identify factors that predict different clinical outcomes or pathways?

Diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in older children, adolescents, and adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. FISCHER WALKER ◽  
R. E. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

SUMMARYDiarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality yet diarrhoea specific incidence and mortality rates for older children, adolescents, and adults have not been systematically calculated for many countries. We conducted a systematic literature review to generate regional incidence rates by age and to summarize diarrhoea specific mortality rates for regions of the world with inadequate vital registration data. Diarrhoea morbidity rates range from 29·9 episodes/100 person-years for adults in the South East Asian region to 88·4 episodes/100 person-years in older children in the Eastern Mediterranean region and have remained unchanged in the last 30 years. Diarrhoea mortality rates decline as the child ages and remain relatively constant during adulthood. These data are critical for improving estimates worldwide and further highlight the need for improved diarrhoea specific morbidity and mortality data in these age groups.

scholarly journals Human viral gastroenteritis.

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Stool Specimens

During the last 15 years, several different groups of fastidious viruses that are responsible for a large proportion of acute viral gastroenteritis cases have been discovered by the electron microscopic examination of stool specimens. This disease is one of the most prevalent and serious clinical syndromes seen around the world, especially in children. Rotaviruses, in the family Reoviridae, and fastidious fecal adenoviruses account for much of the viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, whereas the small caliciviruses and unclassified astroviruses, and possibly enteric coronaviruses, are responsible for significantly fewer cases overall. In addition to electron microscopy, enzyme immunoassays and other rapid antigen detection systems have been developed to detect rotaviruses and fastidious fecal adenoviruses in the stool specimens of both nonhospitalized patients and those hospitalized for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Experimental rotavirus vaccines have also been developed, due to the prevalence and seriousness of rotavirus infection. The small, unclassified Norwalk virus and morphologically similar viruses are responsible for large and small outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in older children, adolescents, and adults. Hospitalization of older patients infected with these viruses is usually not required, and their laboratory diagnoses have been limited primarily to research laboratories.

Is Bleeding In Hemophilia Really Spontaneous Or Activity Related: Analysis Of US Patient/Caregiver Data From The Hemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) Study

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 2364-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Valentino ◽  
Angela Forsyth ◽  
Michelle Witkop ◽  
Christine Guelcher ◽  
Angela Lambing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Number ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Bleeding ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Bayer Healthcare ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract Background Bleeding in hemophilia is believed to transition from more traumatic etiologies in early childhood to spontaneous bleeding in adolescents and adults as target joints develop and arthropathy progresses. The HERO study examined psychosocial issues impacting adults and children (and their parents) with moderate-severe hemophilia. As part of HERO, adults/parents reported bleed frequency/location, most affected joint, causes of bleeding, and current employment/activities. Prior analyses highlighted differences in bleed frequency by treatment regimen and age, prompting further exploration of potential causes of bleeding. Methods People with hemophilia (PWH) (≥18 years) and parents of children with hemophilia (<18 years) (CWH) were recruited in 10 countries. In the US, subjects were recruited online through the National Hemophilia Foundation's Facebook page and eNotes. Following informed consent, adults/parents completed distinct surveys (∼ 45 min). Results The 189 US PWH had a median (range) age of 35 (18-74). The 190 US parents of children with hemophilia had a median (range) age of 37 (23-59) years. The mean age of the oldest son <18 years was 8.7 years. Most PWH/parents reported hemophilia A (59%/66%) with (24%/9%) reporting inhibitors. Most parent respondents were female (79%) and were responsible for their son's care (75%). PWH on likely secondary prophylaxis (PPX) reported higher overall median number of hemorrhages requiring treatment in the prior 12 months compared to those treated on demand (OD); there was little difference seen across employment and age (see table). More unemployed PWH reported a specific joint affected by hemorrhages. The ankle was the most frequently cited affected joint. Repetitive activity was reported as the most common cause of the most recent hemorrhage in those who used PPX and was more common in those working (40%) compared to those unemployed (22%). Spontaneous bleeding was most common in those unemployed (46%) and aged ≥41 years (41%). PWH reported more success in following HTC recommendations around taking medications than exercise. Parents of CWH on PPX reported fewer hemorrhages than those treated OD, particularly due to differences in hemarthroses (see table). Older children were reported to have more frequent joint and muscle bleeding. A specific joint impacted by hemorrhage was reported more frequently in older compared to younger CWH (57 vs 44%); all groups except inhibitors reported trauma and repetitive activities combined as the most common causes of the last hemorrhage. The knee/elbow was the most commonly reported specific joint in the age 0-6 years group and the ankle in the age 7-17 years group. Parents generally reported good success in following HTC recommendations. Conclusions HERO provides unique insight into the causes of bleeding in PWH and CWH. The addition of a category of “repetitive activity” in the HERO study to reflect non-traumatic repetitive work/school/sports activity suggests there might be triggers for bleeding previously described as “spontaneous”. This observation warrants further attention by the HTC team including the physiotherapist, and should be investigated in prospective observational studies. Disclosures: Valentino: Baxter Bioscience, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, CSL Behring, GTC Biotherapeutics, Inspiration: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Forsyth:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy. Witkop:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy. Guelcher:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy. Lambing:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy. Cooper:Novo Nordisk Inc.: Employment.

scholarly journals Pertussis Immunization for Adolescents: What Are We Waiting for?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Immunization against pertussis (whooping cough) has been part of the routine childhood immunization program for over 50 years. Until 1997, a whole cell pertussis vaccine was used, most often combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids; in some jurisdictions it was combined with inactivated poliovirus vaccine and later withHaemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib)-conjugate vaccine. Vaccine doses were given at two, four, six and 18 months of age, and again at four to six years of age. Use of the whole cell vaccine in children seven years of age and older was not recommended because "the incidence and severity of the disease greatly decrease with age, and because adverse reactions are (may be) more common in older children and adults..." (1-3). Over a one-year period in 1997/98, all provinces in Canada began using an acellular pertussis vaccine, again combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, inactivated poliovirus vaccine and Hib-conjugate vaccine. In 1999, an acellular pertussis vaccine that was combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (TdaP) (Adacel, Aventis Pasteur, Canada) was licensed for use in individuals 12 to 54 years of age in Canada. In Germany, a similar adolescent and adult TdaP was licensed in 2000 (Boostrix, SmithKline Beecham, Belgium). With the availability of a TdaP product in Canada, should routine universal immunization against pertussis be provided for all adolescents and adults? Some of the key issues to be considered when answering this question are addressed in the questions and answers that follow. The focus of the present paper is on the adolescent population; however, similar issues about adult immunization need to be addressed by internal medicine and family practice practitioners.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children and Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J Hait
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Older Children ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seasonal Allergies

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disorder of the esophagus characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction in association with histologic evidence of eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. The diagnosis is based on esophageal biopsies showing more than 15 eosinophils per high-power field in the absence of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux. It can present with a wide array of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Babies and toddlers typically present with feeding intolerance or refusal, vomiting, and failure to thrive. Older children often present with abdominal pain and reflux symptoms, whereas adolescents and adults typically present with solid-food dysphagia and/or food impaction. Diagnosis is also supported by a family history of EoE and other allergy-based disorders, such as asthma, seasonal allergies, and atopy. Topical corticosteroids and dietary elimination are acceptable first-line treatment approaches. This review contains 7 figures, 5 tables, and 51 references. Key words: dysphagia, elimination diets, endoscopic dilation, eosinophilic esophagitis, eotaxin-3, feeding dysfunction, interleukin-5, proton pump inhibitor–responsive esophageal eosinophilia, swallowed fluticasone, viscous budesonide

scholarly journals Compliance With Multiple-Dose Vaccine Schedules Among Older Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Results From a Vaccine Safety Datalink Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (S2) ◽  
pp. S389-S397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Nelson ◽  
Rachel C. L. Bittner ◽  
Lora Bounds ◽  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
James Baggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Dose Vaccine

scholarly journals Primary Immunodeficiency and Cancer in Children; A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejin Kebudi ◽  
Ayca Kiykim ◽  
Merve K. Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Immune Deficiencies ◽  
Defective Dna Repair ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer In Children ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The life span of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies has increased due to recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are genetic disorders that predispose patients to frequent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies. Genomic instability due to defective DNA repair processes and other unknown mechanisms in patients with PID leads to an enhanced risk of cancer. PIDs were originally described as rare diseases occurring only in infants and young children, which are associated with severe clinical symptoms. However, advances in gene sequencing technologies, have revealed that they are much more common than originally appreciated and are present in older children, adolescents, and adults. After infection, malignancy is the most prevalent cause of death in both children and adults with PIDs. The overall risk of developing cancer in patients with PID is estimated to range from 4.7 to 5.7 percent. A 1.4 to 1.6-fold excess relative risk of cancer has been reported for PIDs. Increasing awareness among physicians regarding PID and cancer may lead to earlier diagnosis which may decrease morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we review the various categories of PIDs in children and highlight their association with various malignancies. MEDLINE was searched to identify articles for inclusion. Three authors have independently screened literature search results from MEDLINE and abstracted data from studies dealing with cancers of children among primary immune deficiencies.

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