Solar-Grade Silicon by Directional Solidification in Carbon Crucibles

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Ciszek ◽  
G. H. Schwuttke ◽  
K. H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
Grade Silicon

Purification of Multicrystalline Silicon by Cold Crucible Directional Solidification and Impurity Distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 886-891
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
You Wen Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yuan Don ◽  
Teng Chen ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Cold Crucible ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Grade Silicon ◽  
Equilibrium Segregation

In order to get solar grade silicon, large cold crucible has been used in an induction heat furnace. By controlling the relative location of the crucible and coils, directional solidification was realized. More than 200 kg multi-crystalline silicon ingot was produced in a batch with short work time. The removal rate of most metal impurities was high, typically higher than 99% for transition metals like iron. Non-metallic elements such as boron and phosphorus could not be removed efficiently because of larger equilibrium segregation coefficient. The concentration of phosphorus was one third of the feedstock due to the vaporization in the melting process. The distribution of impurities agreed with the solidification principle. Quartzes and carbon was not used, which ensured silicon prevent from the contamination. Cooperated with other methods, large scale of solar grade silicon was produced.

Molding and directional solidification of solar-grade silicon using an insulating molten salt

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Minster ◽  
J. Granier ◽  
C. Potard ◽  
N. Eustathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
Grade Silicon

Study of the electrical properties of  Cz p-type solar-grade silicon wafers against the high-temperature processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Maoudj ◽  
Djoudi Bouhafs ◽  
Nacer Eddine Bourouba ◽  
Abdelhak Hamida-Ferhat ◽  
Abdelkader El Amrani
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Grade Silicon ◽  
P Type

LIBS for the Analysis of Metallurgical and Solar Grade Silicon

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Darwiche ◽  
Malek Benmansour ◽  
Nir Eliezer ◽  
Daniel Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Elemental Chemical Analysis ◽  
Boron Analysis ◽  
Grade Silicon

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been employed for the fast and reliable chemical characterization of silicon used for the photovoltaic industry. Silicon for photovoltaic panels is subject to certain constraints on its purity, and notably must contain low concentration of boron. The use of LIBS could be advantageous because it allows rapid and simultaneous multi-elemental chemical analysis of silicon without any sample preparation. LIBS was applied to boron analysis and a detection limit of 0.23 ppmw was found for optimized gas and pressure conditions.

Defining Terms for Climate Literacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Singer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Internet User ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Grade Silicon ◽  
Climate Literacy

<div> </div><div>To move forward with substantial, constructive actions that reduce overall consumption and emissions, the public, scientists and policymakers need agreement about our terms. Terms like "sustainability," "zero-emissions" and "carbon-neutrality" tend to focus on a device or vehicle's energy use and emissions during operation--and to exclude energy use and emission during extraction, smelting, manufacturing and recycling or discard. What do such exclusions mean for e-vehicles, smartphones and solar panels? How can we encourage learning about and reducing electronics' true costs? Katie Singer will describe the process involved in manufacturing electronic-grade silicon (similar to solar-grade silicon), and propose that every Internet user learn the international supply chain of one substance (of 1000+) in their device. She will also propose ways to counterbalance a digital footprint. </div>

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