A Direct-Reading Printed-Circuit Commutator for Analog-to-Digital Data Conversion

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Printed Circuit

Providing Configurability and Plug-and-Play Capability to Simple Sensors: A Step towards Smart Sensors for Smart Factories

2012 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Murar ◽  
Stelian Brad
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Plug And Play ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Configuration Data ◽  
Smart Factories ◽  
Distributed Manufacturing Systems

A modality to boost up the abilities of simple sensors for providing extended configurability options and plug-and-play capability along with great scalability, integrability, rapid customization and modularity is reported in this paper. An embedded architecture that requires both electronic and software designs is employed for expanding sensor capability. Self-integration, configuration, data computation from the sensor, analog-to-digital data conversion and data processing relative to configuration options are investigated. Based on the approach proposed, an embedded sensor-system, consisting of a network of microcontrollers and sensors capable to respond to configurability and fast integrability requirements, is built and tested within this research. Tests have shown the smart sensor-system is functional, feasible, cost-effective, easy-to-use and highly reconfigurable. Integration of such sensors within reconfigurable, autonomous and distributed manufacturing systems is thus possible.

Development of Microcontroller Based Potentiometric Transduction Circuit for a Continuous Fluid Level Sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Fatin Najwa Mohd Nusa ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Abdullah ◽  
Samsul Setumin ◽  
Sheikh Mohd Firdaus ◽  
Adi Irfan Che Ani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Flat Roof

This paper presents the development of microcontroller based potentiometric transduction circuit for a continuous fluid level sensor. The purpose system involved the integration between hardware and software subsystem. For hardware subsystem, the design of potentiometric circuit was tested with theoretical computation, simulation on Proteus VSM software and breadboard circuit. This finding was then used to develop interface for the analog-to-digital converter. For software subsystem, the water level indicator system has been developed using ATMEGA2560 by converting the output from potentiometric circuit into water level with a look-up table. It computes the digital data conversion into desired reading and displays data through the second hardware subsystem which is liquid crystal display. A potentiometric indicator for a continuous fluid level sensor to detect level of water ponding on the flat roof was developed. It was comprised of a potentiometric transduction stage and follower stage. From the experiment, it was shown that the potentiometric circuit designed was able to report changes in the water in a different level. The integration of the continuous fluid level sensor with the potentiometric indicator system will have a significant impact on the practice of sensor integration.

scholarly journals Perancangan Alat Ukur Kadar Alkohol Menggunakan Sensor Mq-3 Berbasis Mikrokontroler Atmega16

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
I Gede Surya Merta ◽  
I Gusti Agung Widagda ◽  
Ida Bagus Alit Paramarta
Keyword(s):  
Serial Communication ◽  
Visual Basic ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Visual Basic 6.0 ◽  
Minimum System

It has been successfully designed an alcohol levels measuring instrument using MQ-3 sensor. The detected alcohol levels processed to be displayed on GUI Visual Basic 6.0 through several circuits, the sensor circuit, the Atmega16 microcontroller minimum system, 5V voltage regulator circuits, CH340 serial communication module and GUI Visual Basic 6.0. The entire circuit is powered by 5VDC regulator circuit. The measurement range of this instrument measures alcohol level in the range 0% to 70%, the levels measured by the instrument will be classified according to the regulations sets by Indonesian government. The instrument works by employing the characteristics of the MQ-3 sensor which has proportional voltage change with alcohol levels that is detected. The Atmega16 circuit is the main unit for data processing, the microcontroller performs the analog to digital data conversion and estimates this digital data into matching alcohol levels. Alcohol content data that processed is displayed on the GUI Visual Basic 6.0 through serial communication module CH340. Detected alcohol levels by this instrument compared with the alcohol levels of sample is match by 99.57%.

Study of Wireless Torque Measurement System Based on CC2500

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 5300-5303
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiao Jie Song ◽  
Wen Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Torque Sensor ◽  
Torque Measurement ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Wireless Transceiver ◽  
Precision Measuring ◽  
Transmission Shaft

It’s very difficult to get high precision measuring result using contact torquemeter because of very low signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome this defect, a wireless torque measuring system is designed based on CC2500. This system uses strain gauge torque sensor to measure the surface principal stress of the transmission shaft, and get the maximum shearing stress, and then the torque that the transmission shaft bears. The weak output signal of torque sensor is magnified by the instrumentation amplifier AD623, and sent to the analog-to-digital convertor. These digital data are transmited to the portable receiving terminal by the wireless transceiver chip CC2500. The dynamic wireless torque measurement is realized by this system.

Hierarchical pyramidal subsampling in deep convolutional networks for visual pattern recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Averyanikhin ◽  
A. I. Vlasov ◽  
E. V. Evdokimova
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Size Scale ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Convolutional Networks

The main problem of known deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) is that they require a fixed-size input image. This requirement is “artificial” and can reduce recognition accuracy for images or its parts of arbitrary size/scale. The paper proposes a strategy of combining “hierarchical pyramidal subselection” to eliminate the above restriction. The structure of the neural network using the proposed combining strategy allows the generation of prediction regardless of the size/scale of the original image, and also improves the accuracy of recognition. Features of application of CNN for identification and recognition of defects of conducting pattern of printed circuit board blanks have been considered. Features of defects of conductive pattern of printed circuit board blanks have been briefly discussed. The invention proposes the use of artificial CNN, which have advantages in speed and accuracy in solving problems of object recognition on images relative to existing methods. The focus is on the architecture of CNN using hierarchical pyramidal subselection. Capabilities of application of CNN for recognition of defects of conducting pattern of printed circuit board blanks have been shown. Proposed method of hierarchical pyramidal subselection in deep convolutional networks has been implemented in software complex, which allows processing digital data of photographs of conducting pattern of printed circuit boards, in particular during their flaw detection, and can be used for localization of existing defects of conducting pattern. The conclusion draws the possibilities of using methods and means of image processing in flaw detection of radio-electronic equipment and instruments

scholarly journals DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION OF VIBRATION SIGNALS FOR WIRELESS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Milan Dinčić ◽  
Dragan Denić ◽  
Zoran Perić
Keyword(s):  
Digital Data ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Digital Conversion ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Uniform Quantization ◽  
Wireless Measurement

The aim of this paper is to design, analyze and compare four different systems for ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) of vibration signals. Measurement of vibration signals is of particular importance in many areas, such as predictive maintenance or structural health monitoring. Wireless systems for vibration measurements becomes very topical, due to much easier and cheaper installation compared to wired systems. Due to the lack of transmission bandwidth and energy in wireless measurement systems, the amount of digital data being sent has to be reduced; hence, we have to apply ADC systems that can achieve the required digital signal quality, reducing the bit-rate. Four ADC systems are analyzed, for possible application in wireless measurement systems: PCM (pulse code modulation) based on uniform quantization; DPCM (differential PCM) to exploit high correlation of vibration signals; two adaptive ADC systems to cope with significant variations of characteristics of vibration signals in time - APCM (adaptive PCM) with adaptation on variance and ADPCM (adaptive DPCM), with double adaptation (both on variance and correlation). These ADC models are designed and optimized specifically for vibration signals, based on the analysis of 20 vibration signals from a referent database. An experiment is done, applying designed ADC systems for digitalization of vibration signals. APCM, DPCM and ADPCM systems allow significant bit-rate reduction compared to the PCM system, but with the increasing of complexity, hence the compromise between the bit-rate reduction and complexity is needed.

Automated Monitoring of Platelet Aggregation in Multiple Samples of whole Blood

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Clarke ◽  
V. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Selection Of

Whole blood may be first agitated in a circular transparent rotor chamber, and then rotated continuously to produce plasma/red cell separation for monitoring. The rotor is driven by a low inertia, printed circuit d.c. motor (108 Watt) which is automatically controlled. The pattern of rotation is determined by a signal generator which provides various waveforms at adjustable frequencies and also at fixed speeds.By segmenting the rotor into multiple cuvettes (Vol = 0.4 ml) it is possible to monitor the platelet concentration, after agitation, as each cuvette spins through the stationary optical system. This consists of a light-emitting diode (peak: 900 nm), pulsed at 10 kHz in order to eliminate ambient light effects, and a photodetector with a built-in amplifier, fed to an amplifying circuit which eliminates other signals. An electronic circuit permits selection of the signal from each cuvette on a direct reading meter. Cuvette No. 1 is identified by a photocell-detector trigger.Platelet-free plasma is about zero O. D. in the infra red with respect to a water blank, and with attention to specific criteria such as optical geometry and light path, platelet concentration may be accurately determined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document