Full protection specifications in the semantic model for database protection languages

In Vitro Effects of Urokinase — Prevention by Different Inhibitors

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647327 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (03) ◽

pp. 402-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M D Oethinger ◽

E Seifried

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Thrombin Time ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Chloromethyl Ketone ◽

Control Value ◽

Dose Time ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Full Protection

SummaryThe present in vitro study investigated dose-, time- and temperature-dependent effects of two-chain urokinase plasminogen activato(u-PA, urokinase) on normal citrated plasma. When 10 μg/ml u-PA wereadded to pooled normal plasma and incubated for 30 min at an ambient temperature (25° C), α2-antiplas-min decreased to 8% of the control value. Incubation on ice yielded a decrease to 45% of control,whereas α2-antiplasmin was fully consumed at 37° C. Fibrinogen and plasminogen fell to 46% and 39%, respectively, after a 30 min incubation at 25° C. Thrombin time prolonged to 190% of control.Various inhibitors were studied with respect to their suitability and efficacy to prevent these in vitro effects. Aprotinin exhibited a good protective effect on fibrinogen at concentrations exceeding 500 KlU/ml plasma. Its use, however, was limited due to interferences with some haemostatic assays. We could demonstrate that L-Glutamyl-L-Glycyl-L-Arginyl chloromethyl ketone (GGACK) and a specific polyclonal anti-u-PA-antibody (anti-u-PA-IgG) effectively inhibited urokinase-induced plasmin generation without interfering with haemostatic assays. The anti-u-PA-antibody afforded full protection ofα2-antiplasmin at therapeutic levels of u-PA.It is concluded that u-PA in plasma samples from patients during thrombolytic therapy may induce in vitro effects which should be prevented by the use of a suitable inhibitor such as GGACK or specific anti-u-PA-antibody.

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Diligentia quam in suis as a Technique for a Contextual Application of the Full Protection and Security Standard: Considering the Level of Development of Host States in International Investment Law

African Journal of International and Comparative Law ◽

10.3366/ajicl.2020.0341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 596-611

Author(s):

Nitish Monebhurrun

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

International Investment ◽

Due Diligence ◽

Foreign Investors ◽

International Investment Law ◽

Local Means ◽

Security Standard ◽

Maximum Protection ◽

Investment Law ◽

Full Protection

With international investment law as the background to this study, the present article examines how the full protection and security standard can be construed from the perspective of developing states hosting foreign investments. The research delves into classical public international law to argue that the diligentia quam in suis rule can be used as a means of interpretation to strike a balance between foreign investors’ and developing states’ interests when construing the full protection and security standard. The rule provides that any expected due diligence from the state party is necessarily of a subjective nature. This means that developing host states must deploy their best efforts to offer maximum protection to foreign investors not on an in abstracto basis but as per their local means and capacity. Accordingly, the standard is presented as an adaptable and flexible one which moulds its contours as per the level of development of the host state. Such flexibility does not imply condoning states’ abuse and negligence. The article explains how the diligentia quam in suis rule enables a conciliation between the full protection and security standard and the host state's level of development while rationalising the standard's application to developing nations.

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Modelling of Semantic Processes and Evolutional Semantic Model

Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K D Ushynsky Linguistic Sciences ◽

10.24195/2616-5317-2018-27-23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (27) ◽

pp. 197-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anastasia Fedorova

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Dynamic Models ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Semantic Model ◽

Vast Array ◽

Special Procedure ◽

Semantic Models ◽

Semantic Evolution ◽

Semantic Processes ◽

The Way

In Linguistics the terms model and modelling have a vast array of meanings, which depends on the purpose and the object, and the type of the scientific research. The article is dedicated to the investigation of a special procedure of semantic processes modelling, deducing and substantiating the notion “evolutional semantic model”, the content and operational opportunities of which differ drastically from the essence and purpose of the known from the scientific literature phenomenon of the same name. In the proposed research this variety of modelling is oriented towards the description of the dynamics of the legal terms content loading, the estimation of possible vectors of the semantic evolution on the way of its terminalization/determinalization. The evolutional model of semantics has here as its basis the succession of sememes or series of sememes, the order of which is determined with accounting of a number of parameters. The typical schemes of the meaning development, illustrated by the succession of sememes, are considered to be the models of semantic laws (evolutional semantic models = EMS). Their function is the explanation of the mechanism and the order of the stages of the semantic evolution of the system of the words which sprung from one root on the way of its legal specialization, and, therefore, the proposed in the paper experience of semantic laws modelling differs from the expertise of the “catalogue of semantic derivations”, proposed by H. A. Zaliznjak, which doesn’t have as its purpose the explanation of meaning displacements, and from the notion of semantic derivation, models of derivation, dynamic models, worked out by O. V. Paducheva, which also only state such a displacement, without proving its reality. Key words: evolutional semantic model (EMS), modelling, semantic law, sememe, pre(law).

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