Transformational programming: the derivation of a Prolog interpretation algorithm

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
M. Y. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Programming ◽  
Interpretation Algorithm

scholarly journals On Dependence of Interpretation Algorithms of Typed Functional Programs on Canonical Notion of δ-Reduction

2015 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Davit Grigoryan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Program ◽  
Least Solution ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Interpretation Algorithm

In this paper the interpretation algorithms of typed functional programs are considered. The interpretation algorithm is based on substitutions, β-reduction and canonical δ-reduction. The basic semantics of typed functional program is a function with indeterminate values of arguments, which is the main component of its least solution. If the value of the basic semantics for some values of arguments is indeterminate, then the interpretation algorithm either stops with the value ┴, or works endlessly. It is shown that seven known interpretation algorithms are ┴-depend on canonical notion of δ-reduction. Here are these algorithms: FS (of full substitution), PES (of parallel external substitution), LES (of left external substitution), PIS (of parallel inner substitution), LIS (of left inner substitution), ACT (active algorithm), PAS (passive algorithm).

scholarly journals A Language for the Description of Program Instrumentation and Automatic Generation of Instrumenters

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenilso S. Simao ◽  
Auri M. R. Vincenzi ◽  
Antonio C. L. Santana ◽  
Jose C. Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Product Structure ◽  
C Language ◽  
Program Instrumentation ◽  
Language L ◽  
Transformational Programming ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Testing Criteria

Instrumentation is a technique frequently used in software engineering for several different purposes, e.g. program and/or specification execution trace, testing criteria coverage analy- sis, and reverse engineering. Instrumenting a software product can be divided into two main tasks: (i) deriving the software product structure and (ii) inserting statements for collecting runtime/simulation information. Most instrumentation approaches are specific to a given domain or language. Thus, it is very difficult to reuse the effort expended in developing an instrumenter, even if the target languages are quite similar. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose an instrumentation-oriented meta-language, named IDeL, designed to support the description of both main tasks of instru- mentation process, namely: (i) the product structure derivation and (ii) the insertion of the instrumentation statements. In order to apply IDeL to a specific language L, it should be in- stantiated with a context-free grammar of L. To promote IDeL’s practical use, we also developed a supporting tool, named idelgen, that can be thought of as an application generator, based on the transformational programming paradigm and tailored to the instrumentation process. We illustrate the main concepts of our proposal with examples describing the instrumentation required in some traditional data flow testing criteria for C language.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Kuwait

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Wassim Chehadeh ◽  
Osama Albaksami ◽  
Sonia Elezebeth John ◽  
Widad Al-Nakib
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
First Line ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Interpretation Algorithm ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Level Resistance

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of nonpolymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAM) in HIV-1 patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: Total RNA was isolated from plasma samples of 42 patients who received a first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genetic regions were then amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. The HIV-1 subtype was identified using the Bayesian phylogenetic method, and RAM were identified using the Stanford University genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm. Results: The HIV-1 viral load at sampling ranged from < 20 to 8.25 × 104 copies/ml. CRF01_AE, C, and B were the most predominant HIV-1 subtypes. Nonpolymorphic mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were detected in 11 (26.2%) of the 42 patients; 5 (11.9%) patients had mutations associated with a high-level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), 4 (9.5%) patients had mutations associated with resistance to NNRTI, 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations associated with resistance to both NRTI and NNRTI, and 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations potentially associated with low-level resistance to both protease inhibitors and NNRTI. All patients with RAM had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA level. Conclusion: Our results indicate the development of RAM during an NNRTI-based regimen and highlight the importance of considering other regimens to avoid treatment failure.

Influence of mobile phones on accuracy of ECG interpretation algorithm in automated external defibrillator

Resuscitation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Karczmarewicz ◽  
Dariusz Janusek ◽  
Tomasz Buczkowski ◽  
Robert Gutkowski ◽  
Piotr Kułakowski
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Automated External Defibrillator ◽  
Interpretation Algorithm ◽  
Ecg Interpretation ◽  
External Defibrillator

Graph-Based Interpretation of L-System Encodings Toward Aeroelastic Topology Optimization of a Morphing Airfoil in Supersonic Flow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent R. Bielefeldt ◽  
Darren J. Hartl ◽  
Joshua D. Hodson ◽  
Gregory W. Reich ◽  
Philip S. Beran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Structural Topology ◽  
L System ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
System L ◽  
Interpretation Algorithm ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Reconfigurable Structures

Abstract This work details the preliminary design of a morphing airfoil in supersonic flow using evolutionary design principles. The structural topology of the airfoil includes a fixed outer mold line, fixed spars, and designable internal stiffeners and actuators. The designable components are generated using a bio-inspired model known as a Lindenmayer System (L-System), which encodes design variables and governs the development of a structural topology when coupled with an interpretation algorithm. Here, we utilize a graph-based interpretation scheme known as Spatial Interpretation for the Development of Reconfigurable Structures (SPIDRS), which has been shown to effectively explore the mechanism design space using a limited number of design variables. The optimization process behind this preliminary design problem is discussed, and optimal airfoil topologies capable of meeting specified aerodynamic performance criteria are presented in hopes of gaining a better understanding of how actuation systems could be integrated into the next generation of aircraft.

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