Extending Halstead's software science for a more precise measure of APL

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Mauri ◽  
A. Harry Williams
Keyword(s):  
Software Science ◽  
Precise Measure

scholarly journals Why We Should Use the Gini Coefficient to Assess Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantin Kaplaner ◽  
Yves Steinebach
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium Theory ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Precise Measure

Abstract Punctuated Equilibrium Theory posits that policy-making is generally characterized by long periods of stability that are interrupted by short periods of fundamental policy change. The literature converged on the measure of kurtosis and L-kurtosis to assess these change patterns. In this letter, we critically discuss these measures and propose the Gini coefficient as a (1) comparable, but (2) more intuitive, and (3) more precise measure of “punctuated” change patterns.

Meat qualities in the sheep with special reference to Scottish breeds and crosses. I

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pálsson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

1. By establishing the relationship between linear carcass measurements and the quantitative composition of the carcass in terms of bone, muscle and fat, we have provided a scientific basis for the use of many measurements hitherto only presumed to provide an index to carcass quality.2. External carcass measurements are correlated with weight of the skeleton. The most useful for this purpose are length of tibia + tarsus and length of the fore-cannon.3. As indices of muscle, external measures are only of indirect value. Thus, both F – T and G/F × 100 are strongly correlated with weight of muscle as a percentage of skeletal weight.4. Similarly, F provides an index of fat, being negatively correlated with fat as a percentage of bone.5. For muscle and fat internal measures permit a more precise estimate to be made. A + B is the best index of the former while C + J + Y provide the most accurate estimate of the weight of fat.6. Still better indices for muscle and fat are provided by suitable combinations of external and internal measurements. Thus L/10 + A + B is very highly correlated with the weight of muscle, and L/10 × (C + J + Y) is the best index of fat in the hoggets. For bone, a most efficient single index is shown to be the weight of the fore-cannon bone.7. The weight of the skeleton can be estimated with a high degree of accuracy from the weight of the bones in either one leg or loin. Both these joints combined, however, provide a still better estimate.8. The muscle in one leg or loin + leg provides an excellent index of the weight of muscle in the whole carcass.9. The fat in one leg, loin, or both these joints combined provides a good index of the weight of the total fat in the carcass. Both joints combined give the most precise measure.10. The value of certain measurements which are not necessarily associated with the quantity of the major tissues of the carcass, but which nevertheless have important qualitative significance, is emphasized.

Property titles and the use of British urban poll books for social analysis

Urban History ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Occupational Title ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Precise Measure

The poll books produced before the Ballot Act of 1872 are a major source for political and social history. Those which have an occupational title for most or all entries have been increasingly used since Vincent's pioneering work. Others have been linked to other sources so that voting can be related to occupation. This is either time-consuming or expensive and often both. The alternative is a very selective sampling tactic guided by the directories. The use of occupational titles has been criticized because of the lack of social homogeneity within the groups designated by such titles. This is slightly unfair but a relevant warning against using such titles to do more analytical work than the meaning of the titles justifies. Those who want a more precise measure of status must link with the rate books and the census manuscripts.

scholarly journals Sjeta religije i zov demokracije

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esad Čimić
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Authentic Dialogue ◽  
Precise Measure

The author is of the opinion that his problematics focuses on the fact that many people have deprived themselves of emphatising with authentic border situations. As though the the category of people who, regardless of their thought formation, rejects any backing from god who is not beforehand an ally of humanity as they perceive it, is growing. The person is a growing perfection (S. G. Jung) so dial one gains and does not loose in colliding with the fire of God. Freedom appears as the possibility of freedom and is not reducible to choice. Monotheistic religions will loose their stride if they do noi ready themselves for an authentic dialogue amongst themselves. The coping with interconfessional relationships is a precise measure of cultural differences in contemporary society: if they are not reflected in a negative manner on these relationships than these differences are minimal. Democracy manifests itself through the prism of two concepts of politics: (a) the nihilistic-misanthropic and authoritarian and (b) the andiropological-humanistic and democratic concept. Three myths of the communist ideological and political formation give way before three myths of societies of transition.

On the breakdown of characteristics solutions in flows with vibrational relaxation

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. H. Rarity
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Steady Flow ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Vibrational Relaxation ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Relaxing Gas ◽  
Flow Case

The breakdown of the characteristics solution in the neighbourhood of the leading frozen characteristic is investigated for the flow induced by a piston advancing with finite acceleration into a relaxing gas and for the steady supersonic flow of a relaxing gas into a smooth compressive corner. It is found that the point of breakdown moves outwards along the leading characteristic as the relaxation time decreases and that there is no breakdown of the solution on the leading characteristic if the gas has a sufficiently small, but non-zero, relaxation time. A precise measure of this relaxation time is derived. The paper deals only with points of breakdown determined by initial derivatives of the piston path or wall shape. In the steady-flow case, the Mach number based on the frozen speed of sound must be greater than unity.

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