The design of a portable scientific tool

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Gallo ◽  
Russ Miller ◽  
Charles M. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Tool

Educated Guesses: Health Risk Assessment in Environmental Impact Statements

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-427
Author(s):  
Pamela D. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
National Environmental Policy Act ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Impact Statements ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Scientific Tool ◽  
Predicted Risk

Environmental pollution threatens public health. The search for solutions has advanced the frontiers of science and law. Efforts to protect the environment and public health begin with describing potential adverse consequences of human activities and characterizing the predicted risk. The National Environmental Policy Act requires the preparation of environmental impact statements to describe the effects of proposed federal projects and provide information for agency decisionmakers and the public.Risks to public health are particularly difficult to quantify because of uncertainty about the relation between exposure to environmental contamination and disease. Risk assessment is the current scientific tool to present estimates of risk. The methodology has created controversy, however, when underlying assumptions and uncertainties are not clearly presented. Critics caution that the methodology is vulnerable to bias. This Note evaluates the use of risk assessment in the environmental impact statement process and offers recommendations to ensure informed decisions.

scholarly journals MODELING AS A SCIENTIFIC TOOL FOR SUBSTANTIATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Snizhko L ◽  
◽  
Buzun T ◽  
Razvodovska V ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Operational Decisions ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Problem Formalization ◽  
Scientific Tool

On the basis of analysis of existing approaches to the process of decision making, in this article the procedure of taking optimal operational decisions is proposed, which describes in detail all of its aspects and features related to the specifics of the operational activities of transport enterprises. In this procedure the basic steps are those directly related to the modeling: formulation of the problem (formalization of the original problem), construction of the model, its solution, credibility and adequacy check, restoration (or adjustment) of the model. The object of the research is decision-making process in the operational management of transport enterprises. The purpose of the research is to develop a procedure for the process of making optimal operational decisions based on existing approaches to the decision-making process, using modeling as a scientific tool to substantiate them. The research method is methods of system analysis and modeling. It has been discovered that the need to reduce the subjectivity of the process of making important decisions in the operational activities of transport enterprises and increase its scientific validity is especially relevant today, in the face of threats and uncertainty about the external environment of the organization. All methods of rational decision-making are based on models, which, in turn, are scientific tools. Modeling creates a serious informational and methodological basis for structural analysis of decisions needed to improve the management process for operational managers and hence - to increase the level of management in general, because it makes them more systematic, and the tools used during this help them be more rational. The results of the article can be implemented during making complex and important management decisions in the operational activities of both transport enterprises and other business entities of various activities, regardless of the organizational and legal form and ownership. KEY WORDS: MODELING METHOD, MODELING, MODEL, TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE, OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY, OPERATIONS MANAGER, MANAGEMENT DECISION.

scholarly journals A RESEARCH PAPER ON A STUDY ON PRICE INDICES METHODS IN INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Index Numbers ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Price Fluctuations ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
True Position ◽  
Scientific Tool

It is expected that the price index numbers which are universally used as the scientific tool of measures of price changes all over the world must reflect the real and true position of prices in economy every time since they are the only arithmetic source of measuring the price fluctuations and economic fluctuations thereby. But unfortunately, they do not seem to fulfill these expectations fully especially in India. Many times it has happened that price index numbers have failed in reflecting real economic conditions through price changes. So, this research is attempt to study all the different price indices model and try to find out the effective way out.

scholarly journals Evidence-based management to regulate the impact of tourism at a key marine turtle rookery on Zakynthos Island, Greece

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas A. Katselidis ◽  
Gail Schofield ◽  
Giorgos Stamou ◽  
Panayotis Dimopoulos ◽  
John D. Pantis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Natural Nest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific Tool ◽  
Beach Use

AbstractThis study evaluates how key beach features influence suitability for nesting by Endangered loggerhead marine turtles Caretta caretta at an internationally important rookery on Zakynthos Island, Greece. During 2007–2009 we assimilated information on beach structure (elevation above sea level and width), the distribution of all nesting (turtle tracks that resulted in nests) and non-nesting (turtle tracks that did not result in nests) turtle emergences from the sea along 6 km of beach, nest placement parameters (distance from sea and elevation above sea level), and beach use by visitors. We found that turtles preferentially emerged on steeper sections of beach, with higher nesting densities occurring on the most environmentally stable beaches. Elevation was a more reliable indicator of nest placement (1 m above sea level) than distance to shore. However, because nests on steeper slopes are located closer to shore, the risk of damage by tourism is increased in such areas. We calculated a potential 36% overlap of natural nest locations with use of the beach by tourists; however, the recorded overlap was 7% because of existing management protocols. This overlap could be further reduced by focusing conservation effort (i.e. further restricting use by people) on beach sections with the steepest inclines. For example, slopes of > 22° comprise 1 km of total beach area annually, the closure of which (above the immediate shoreline to allow passage) would completely protect 50% of nests. This study shows the value of evidence-based management as a practical scientific tool to conserve threatened species in dynamic protected areas that are of both environmental and economic importance.

scholarly journals Praca, robotnicy, archiwa, fotografia — utrwalanie stereotypów i walka o emancypację

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ferenc
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
The Third ◽  
Working People ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Tool

Work, workers, and workers’ living conditions quickly became a field of interest for photographers. Already by the middle of the 19th century there were photographs showing working people. Nevertheless, the contexts in which such photographs were taken varied considerably. The first part of this article presents, in the historical perspective, the different causes and strategies involved in making these types of documents, up to the moment when photographs began to appear that had been made by workers themselves. The movement to photograph workers, which developed in the first decades of the 20th century, is recalled in the second part of the article (using the examples of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia). The third part is devoted to photographic projects whose purpose was to increase the productivity of, and control over, workers. Photography is presented as a scientific tool for measuring movement and as an illustration of the most effective manners of organizing work. At the end, the Digital Repository of Worker Photography is described, as an example of work on a collection of photos and the creation of a platform permitting further work, but also as a legal and methodological problem.

scholarly journals The agent concept is a scientific tool

Metascience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Andy Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Tool

scholarly journals On incorporating warping effects due to transverse shear and torsion into the theories of straight elastic bars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lewiński ◽  
S. Czarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Transverse Shear ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Effective Characteristics ◽  
Warping Function ◽  
Torsional Buckling ◽  
Lateral Buckling ◽  
First Order ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Scientific Tool

Abstract By endowing El Fatmi’s theories of bars with first-order warping functions due to torsion and shear, a family of theories of bars, of various applicability ranges, is effectively constructed. The theories thus formed concern bars of arbitrary cross-sections; they are reformulations of the mentioned theories by El Fatmi and theories by Kim and Kim, Librescu and Song, Vlasov and Timoshenko. The Vlasov-like theory thus developed is capable of describing the torsional buckling and lateral buckling phenomena of bars of both solid and thin-walled cross-sections, which reflects the non-trivial correspondence, noted by Wagner and Gruttmann, between the torsional St.Venant’s warping function and the contour-wise defined warping functions proposed by Vlasov. Moreover, the present paper delivers an explicit construction of the constitutive equations of Timoshenko’s theory; the equations linking transverse forces with the measures of transverse shear turn out to be coupled for all bars of asymmetric cross-sections. The modeling is hierarchical: the warping functions are numerically constructed by solving the three underlying 2D scalar elliptic problems, providing the effective characteristics for the 1D models of bars. The 2D and 1D problems are indissolubly bonded, thus forming a unified scientific tool, deeply rooted in the hitherto existing knowledge on elasticity of elastic straight bars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document