scholarly journals Safer at any speed: automatic context-aware safety enhancement for Rust

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Natalie Popescu ◽  
Ziyang Xu ◽  
Sotiris Apostolakis ◽  
David I. August ◽  
Amit Levy
Keyword(s):  
Safety Performance ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Buffer Overflows ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
End To End ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Type-safe languages improve application safety by eliminating whole classes of vulnerabilities–such as buffer overflows–by construction. However, this safety sometimes comes with a performance cost. As a result, many modern type-safe languages provide escape hatches that allow developers to manually bypass them. The relative value of performance to safety and the degree of performance obtained depends upon the application context, including user goals and the hardware upon which the application is to be executed. Since libraries may be used in many different contexts, library developers cannot make safety-performance trade-off decisions appropriate for all cases. Application developers can tune libraries themselves to increase safety or performance, but this requires extra effort and makes libraries less reusable. To address this problem, we present NADER, a Rust development tool that makes applications safer by automatically transforming unsafe code into equivalent safe code according to developer preferences and application context. In end-to-end system evaluations in a given context, NADER automatically reintroduces numerous library bounds checks, in many cases making application code that uses popular Rust libraries safer with no corresponding loss in performance.

scholarly journals Adopt: A Context-Aware Domain Ontology-Based Framework For Public Transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Kramaric
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Application Developers

Understanding dynamic environments is a problem that many developers face when developing mobile applications for a particular domain. Dynamic environments can contain large sets of objects, people, and places that have varying characteristics and attributes that are constantly changing. Therefore, understanding all of the domain concepts and their relationships is a challenge for many application developers. To solve this problem an ontology based framework, ADOPT (context-

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Adaptive Real-Time Closures for Managing Migratory Species in Data-Limited Multispecies Fisheries

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAMI MUNEHARA ◽  
◽  
METHEE KAEWNERN ◽  
PAVAROT NORANARTTRAGOON ◽  
TAKASHI FRITZ MATSUISHI
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multispecies Fisheries ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Mean

Fixed closure (FC) is a standard fisheries management tool for protecting sensitive species or species requiring conservation. However, an FC might not effectively manage migratory species because of the large uncertainties of their migration. Adaptive real-time closure (ARTC) is a tool that updates closure areas according to the latest information. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ARTC to conserve sensitive species for data-limited fisheries by a series of simulations using migration models with hotspots. In the single species simulation, the conservation ratio for the sensitive species in FC varies widely at greater migration uncertainty. In ARTC, a longer duration of a hotspot resulted in a higher conservation ratio. When the mean duration of hotspots was medium or long, the conservation ratio for the sensitive species was more than 50 % in more than 99 % of the simulation trials. In multispecies fisheries, a clear trade-off was observed between the conservation ratio of sensitive species and other species. ARTC was more effective than whole closure when the proportion of sensitive species was high or without closure when the proportion was low. Conditions in which ARTC was most appropriate were described for hotspot duration, increased numbers of individuals in a hotspot, and the relative value of conservation, representing the ratio of the value of conserving sensitive species to one of catching other species.

scholarly journals Sensor Modules for Enhancement of Safety Performance in Construction Safety Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
MAK Tuck Kiong ◽  
Loh Seng Yap ◽  
Eeydzah Aminudin ◽  
Rozana Binti Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Construction Safety Management

Abstract Safety management is very important for construction sector as it is the most hazardous working environments when it comes to occupational fatalities. The high cases such as injuries at the workplace, illnesses, and fatalities often caused harm to the workers and create the delay on the work progress. Therefore, this paper reviewed the whole operation process of the sensor modules that enhanced safety performance to prevent accidents occurred on construction site. By providing lab scale location-based safety management services to the workers, this technology able to allow a speedy response in the event of accident. From the benchmark conducted, there are three study that had been conducted previously using vibrational alert signal which identified as an accurate transmitted especially inside a danger zone, as the vibrational function of the sensor module able to function within the designated range. The second benchmark shows that previous study able to identify errors in the location information of the workers arising from obstacles, even though so the technology able to conveyed within the designated range as well. Thirdly, the previous study able to shows the information of a fall was conveyed quickly upon occurrence, and the previous study showed that fall able to identified using the context-aware information from the sensor module. The findings showed that the real-time location and context-aware information collected from the sensor module can be used to prevent accidents and respond quickly in the event of a fall. However, the vibration signal which generated by sensor module was insufficient to alert the workers when approaching the danger zone at construction site. Therefore to improve the whole development of prototype sensor module a further study is needed to incorporate the vibrational and alarm signal for recognising accidents upon occurred for enhancement safety management at construction sites.

scholarly journals A Context-Aware Library for Mathematical Approximations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alejandro Hidalgo Castro ◽  
Lucas Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
System Service ◽  
Series Of Functions

We have built a mathematical library that includes a series of functions with different implementations with varying precision. We couple this library with a system service that monitors the computer context, including energy consumption, and according to this context, using specified rules, dynamically changes the implementations used by the target applications. Our case studies show that our library can trade-off at most of 4% degradation in application quality up to 40% savings in energy consumption.

scholarly journals The relative value of carer and patient quality of life: A person trade-off (PTO) study

2021 ◽  
pp. 114556
Author(s):  
Hareth Al-Janabi ◽  
Eve Wittenberg ◽  
Cam Donaldson ◽  
Werner Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Relative Value
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