scholarly journals Network Analysis of Internal Migration in Austria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Pitoski ◽  
Thomas Lampoltshammer ◽  
Peter Parycek
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
First Time

Human migration, and urbanization as its direct consequence, are among the crucial topics in regional and national governance. People?s migration and mobility flows make a network structure, with large cities acting as hubs, and smaller settlements as spokes. The essential method by which these phenomena can be analysed comprehensively is network analysis. With this study we, first, contribute to capacity building regarding the analysis of internal (national) migration data, by providing a set of network indicators, models, and visualisations tested and argued for in terms of applicability and interpretability for analysing migration. Second, we contribute to the understanding of the shape and scale of the phenomenon of internal migration, in particular towards urbanisation and mobility flows between human settlements (i.e. cities, towns and villages). Third, in the work we demonstrate the utility of our approach on the example of internal migration flows in Austria on the settlement level, and provide a longitudinal analysis for the period of 2002-2018. This is the first time that the key traits of a network of internal migration are identified for a European country, which, when accompanied by additional country analyses, has the potential to reveal the migration patterns in the region and beyond.

scholarly journals Network analysis of internal migration in Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Pitoski ◽  
Thomas J. Lampoltshammer ◽  
Peter Parycek
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Centrality Analysis

AbstractMigration, and urbanization as its consequence, is among the most intricate political and scientific topics, predicted to have huge effects on human lives in the near future. Thus being said, previous works have mainly focused on international migration, and the research on internal migration outside of the US is scarce, and in the case of Europe—the ubiquitous center of migration affairs—only in its infancy. Observing migration between settlements, especially using network analysis indicators and models, can help to explain and predict migration, as well as urbanization originating from internal migration. We therefore conducted a network analysis of internal migration in Croatia, providing insights into the size of internal migration in population, and relative sizes between intra-settlement migration, inter-settlement migration and population. Through centrality analysis, we provide insights into hierarchy of importance, especially, in terms of the overall flow and overall attractiveness of particular settlements in the network. The analysis of the network structure reveals high presence of reciprocity and thus the importance of internal migration to urbanization, as well as the systematic abandonment of large cities in the east of the country. The application of three different community detection algorithms provides insights for the policy domain in terms of the compatibility of the current country administrative subdivision schemes and the subdivision implied by migration patterns. For network scholars, the analysis at hand reveals the status quo in applied network analysis to migration, the works published, the measures used, and potential metrics outside those applied which may be used to better explain and predict the intricate phenomenon of human migration.

scholarly journals Complex climate and network effects on internal migration in South Africa revealed by a network model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyin Xiao ◽  
Michael Oppenheimer ◽  
Xiaogang He ◽  
Marina Mastrorillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migrant Networks ◽  
Network Autocorrelation ◽  
Migration Flows

AbstractClimate variability and climate change influence human migration both directly and indirectly through a variety of channels that are controlled by individual and household socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological processes as well as public policies and network effects. Characterizing and predicting migration flows are thus extremely complex and challenging. Among the quantitative methods available for predicting such flows is the widely used gravity model that ignores the network autocorrelation among flows and thus may lead to biased estimation of the climate effects of interest. In this study, we use a network model, the additive and multiplicative effects model for network (AMEN), to investigate the effects of climate variability, migrant networks, and their interactions on South African internal migration. Our results indicate that prior migrant networks have a significant influence on migration and can modify the association between climate variability and migration flows. We also reveal an otherwise obscure difference in responses to these effects between migrants moving to urban and non-urban destinations. With different metrics, we discover diverse drought effects on these migrants; for example, the negative standardized precipitation index (SPI) with a timescale of 12 months affects the non-urban-oriented migrants’ destination choices more than the rainy season rainfall deficit or soil moisture do. Moreover, we find that socioeconomic factors such as the unemployment rate are more significant to urban-oriented migrants, while some unobserved factors, possibly including the abolition of apartheid policies, appear to be more important to non-urban-oriented migrants.

scholarly journals The influence of internal migration on male earnings in Brazil, 1970–2000

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Eduardo L G Rios-Neto ◽  
Joseph E Potter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of internal migration flows on the earnings of male workers. The availability of jobs and income levels in sending and receiving areas also influence internal population flows. Thus, migration is an endogenous variable that cannot be simply introduced as an exogenous variable when estimating labour outcomes. A methodological approach is developed to introduce migration into our models, dealing with the issue of reverse causality between migration and earnings. We implement this strategy using the 1970–2000 Brazilian Demographic Censuses. Our findings reflect our initial hypothesis, indicating that migration flows have a negative impact on male earnings, when considering cohort size as a factor. A ten percent increase in migration rates would have reduced the wages of competing workers by up to three percent in 2000. These methodological strategies can be applied to other countries that have similar available migration data. Public policies should take into account the levels of in-and out-migration flows in specific locations, in order to stimulate economic development in these areas.

scholarly journals Visualising internal migration flows across local authorities in England and Wales

2020 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2096856
Author(s):  
Yu-wang Chen ◽  
Lei Ni ◽  
Luis Ospina-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Migration Flows

Internal migration has significant impacts on the population structure, public services, economic and social development of local areas. In this research, we adopted the theory and methods of complex network analysis to visualise the internal migration flows across local authorities in England and Wales. The graphic prominently highlights two spatial and geographic characteristics of population mobility in England and Wales: a large proportion of internal migration is associated with clusters of neighbouring or nearby local authorities, and the most urban authorities, such as London and other major metropolitan cities, have net outward internal migration (i.e., more people moving out than in).

scholarly journals Economic Inequality, Regional Development, and Internal Migration in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Irfan Teguh Prima ◽  
Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Relative Inequality ◽  
Migration Cost ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
High Migration

This study aims to probe the determinants of inter-provincial migration flows in Indonesia and how economic and development changes affect migration patterns. We employ three census periods, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Our study finds that an increase in relative inequality between origin and destination provinces decreases inter-provincial migration and relatively high distance elasticity in Indonesia leads to high migration cost. People are more inclined to migrate due to push factors as opposed to pull factors from the destination region, thus indicating a strong relationship between the level of regional development and the willingness of people to migrate.

scholarly journals Applying Concepts and Tools in Demography for Estimating, Analyzing, and Forecasting Forced Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Component ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Demographic Methods ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Among demographic events (birth, death, and migration), migration is notably the most volatile component to forecast accurately. Accounting for forced migration is even more challenging given the difficulty in collecting forced migration data. Knowledge of trends and patterns of forced migration and its future trajectory is, however, highly relevant for policy planning for migrant sending and receiving areas. This paper aims to review existing methodological tools to estimate and forecast migration in demography and explore how they can be applied to the study of forced migration. It presents steps towards estimation of forced migration and future assessments, which comprise: (1) migration flows estimation methods using both traditional and nontraditional data; (2) empirical analysis of drivers of migration and migration patterns; and (3) forecasting migration based on multidimensional population projections and scenarios approach. The paper then discusses how these demographic methods and tools can be applied to estimate and forecast forced migration.

scholarly journals A Way to Europe: New Refugees’ Migration Patterns Revealed

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Ioana Manafi ◽  
Monica Roman
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

The final destination country for refugees heading to Europe may be a changing one depending on various factors, such as the relocation program at the EU level, their ability to make decisions, geographic factors, finances, available routes, visa options, networks, chance, labor markets, etc., but for many of them their choices are limited. The purpose of this paper is to show how refugees select their destination countries, by looking at similarities across European countries. We aim to explain how country-specific factors may relate to the magnitude of migration flows, employing cluster and network analysis, and connecting meso- and macro-levels. The variables considered in our analysis fall under the four types of factors for host countries described by Van Hear, Bakewell, and Long (2012). Our analysis reveals that host countries in Europe can be grouped into four clusters: (i) Top Destination Economically Performing Countries; (ii) Emergent Destination Countries; (iii) Periphery and Less Economically Performing Countries; and (iv) Outlier Countries.

scholarly journals Las migraciones internas de latinoamericanos en España: Inflexiones migratorias en tiempos de crisis económica

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Jordi Bayona-i-Carrasco ◽  
Jenniffer Thiers Quintana ◽  
Rosalía Ávila Tàpies
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
The Impact

España acoge a alrededor de 2,4 millones de latinoamericanos, poco más de la mitad de la diáspora latinoamericana en Europa. Tras la aceleración de los flujos migratorios durante los primeros años del presente siglo, la recesión económica producida por la crisis global frena la entrada de nuevos inmigrantes y modifica las pautas demográficas y migratorias de los inmigrantes presentes, además de fomentar el retorno selectivo. En este trabajo se cuantifica el impacto de la crisis en las migraciones internas de los latinoamericanos residentes en España desde una perspectiva territorial, así como se caracteriza socio-demográficamente a aquellos que protagonizan un movimiento interno. Para ello, se analizan los datos de las Estadísticas de Variaciones Residenciales, que registran más de dos millones de desplazamientos internos de latinoamericanos entre los años 2004 y 2013, y los microdatos del Censo de 2011. Los resultados demuestran un cambio en las pautas migratorias internas en los años más recientes, interpretándose como una respuesta a la crisis económica que afecta a España particularmente. Spain hosts around 2.4 million Latin Americans, just over half of the Latin American diaspora in Europe. After the acceleration of migration flows during the early years of this century, the economic recession caused by the global crisis slows the entry of new immigrants, and modifies demographic and migratory patterns of present immigrants, also creating selective return migration. This paper quantifies the impact of the crisis on Latin American residents in Spain from a territorial perspective and characterizes those Latin Americans who moved internally. For this purpose, both Residential Variation Statistics data, which recorded more than two million Latin Americans’ internal moves between 2004 and 2013, and Census 2011 microdata are used. The results show a change in internal migration patterns in the most recent years, interpreted as a response to the economic crisis, which is affecting Spain in particular.

scholarly journals Modelling population flows using spatial interaction models

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Adam Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Interaction Modelling ◽  
Migration Flows

Background   Spatial Interaction Models have been used for decades to explain and predict flows (of migrants, capital, traffic, trade etc.) between geographic locations.Aims   This paper will guide users through the process of fitting and calibrating spatial interaction models in order to understand, explain and predict internal migration flows in Australia. Data and methods   Internal migration data from the Australian 2011 Census of Population and Housing, which records people who have moved between Greater Capital City Statistical Areas over 5-year periods, is used to exemplify the modelling process. The R statistical software is used to process and visualise the data as well as run the models. Results   The full suite of Wilson’s family of spatial interaction models is fitted to the internal migration data, revealing that distance and origin/destination populations are some of the most important influencing factors affecting internal migration flows. We see whether constraining the model to known flows about origins and/or destinations will improve the fits and model estimates. Conclusions   Spatial interaction modelling has been a tool in the box of some population geographers for a number of decades. However, recent advances in more forgiving programming languages such as R and Python now mean that this powerful modelling methodology is no longer only available to those who also possess advanced computer programming skills. This guide has exemplified the process of fitting and calibrating spatial interaction models on Australian internal migration data, but the methods could easily be applied to other flow data sets in other contexts.

scholarly journals Updating Ravenstein: Internal Migration as a Driver of Regional Population Change in the Wider South East of England

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Champion
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Concentric Zone ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Two Measures

Key among Ravenstein’s “laws”, derived from extensive analysis of mid-19th century migration patterns in the British Isles, are that the majority of migrants go only a short distance and that migration proceeds stepwise as a sequence of localised population shifts towards the principal centres of commerce and industry. This paper tests these two laws in the 21st century context of counterurbanisation by reference to migration taking place within the Wider South East (WSE) of England, being the region dominated by deconcentration pressures emanating from London. It comprises two sets of empirical analyses using migration data for the period 2001-2016. Firstly, these data are aggregated to a set of broadly concentric rings around this core and analysed to reveal how much of the net outward shifts of population produced by this migration arises from net movement taking place between adjacent rings as a type of cascade as opposed to leapfrogging directly from the core into a non-adjacent ring. Cascading is found to predominate at this scale, confirming the continued importance of shorter-distance moving. Secondly, the migration data are rendered into a Travel to Work Area (TTWA) framework to examine the extent to which these subdivisions of the WSE perform a type of entrepôt role in helping to shift population outwards from London. Drawing on Ravenstein’s concepts of counties of “transfer” and “absorption”, two measures are developed for revealing how the net inflow to a particular TTWA from rings closer to the core compares numerically with the net outflow from that TTWA to the rings further away from it. The derived transfer and absorption rates are then used to classify the TTWAs into four groups according to whether their scores on each are above or below average. It is found that a TTWA’s role varies according to two main dimensions: the concentric zone to which it belongs and the radial sector out of London in which it is located, notably whether the sector has a coastal or landward border. * This article belongs to a special issue on “Internal Migration as a Driver of Regional Population Change in Europe: Updating Ravenstein”.

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