The Evolution of the Living Environment in Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on Historical Paintings

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ding Ding ◽  
Xianjun Yu ◽  
Zhonglin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties

Some historical paintings are realistic enough to provide information for the study of ancient civil buildings and their corresponding living environment. This article uses architectural iconology, computer modeling, and quantitative analysis methods to interpret ancient images for contemporary research. This work selects Qingming Shanghe Tu , painted by Ying Qiu in the Ming Dynasty, and Gusu Fanhua Tu , created by Yang Xu in the Qing Dynasty to study the evolution of the living environment of ancient Suzhou at the natural meaning level. At the conventional meaning level, a comparison of the two images reveals that land use, landscaping, building performance, and building materials evolved due to social development. At the intrinsic meaning level, this development was found to be closely related to the expansion of urban construction, the development of compact landscaping, and the maturation of construction techniques. The architectural iconology method proposed by this work can be used to study other ancient buildings based on existing images.

scholarly journals THE USE AND ARTISTIC FEATURES OF XUANZI POLYCHROME PAINTING IN THE MING AND QING DYNASTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Zhen Nyanchen
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
The Yuan Dynasty ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

In the field of the pictorial decoration of Chinese architecture, the decor of the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties is considered the most outstanding since, at that time, the technique was perfect, and the methods of decoration were rich in their diversity, which was not possible in previous eras. The polychrome painting of official buildings during the Ming and Qing dynasties’ reign is quite different from the Song dynasty’s polychrome painting. The transition from the Song dynasty’s polychrome painting to the Ming and Qing dynasties’ polychrome painting was completed during the Yuan dynasty’s reign. Due to the decrease of dougong in size in the Ming dynasty, polychrome painting began to be placed on beams. Xuanzi polychrome painting, which originated from painting beams under the Yuan dynasty, became the primary type. By the Qing dynasty, Hexi polychrome painting and Suzhou polychrome painting, which evolved from the folk polychrome painting of the Jiangnan region of the Ming dynasty, appeared. The Xuanzi type was one of the three main polychrome painting types in the Qing dynasty. It was fully developed compared to the Hexi type as it was used more widely. The article explains the development of the artistic features of the various decorative parts of Xuanzi polychrome painting during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the characteristics of each gradation, and the method of distinguishing it, as well as its place of application.

An Investigation on Copper Red Glazes from Jingdezhen of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guozhen ◽  
Liu Zeyong ◽  
Guo Yengyi
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
High Regard ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

AbstractCopper red glazes made at the pottery center of Jingdezhen during the Ming and Qing dynasties are one of the most famous and precious porcelain products of China. They were based on earlier technology developed in the Tong-guan kiln in Tang dynasty and on the Ru and Jun wares of the Song dynasty. The earliest copper red glazes appeared as early as the late Yuan dynasty. The dazzlingly beautiful altar red and ruby red products were created at Jingdezhen in the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming dynasty. Other copper reds created at Jingdezhen were the Longyao red of the Kangxi period and the imitation Jun, flambe amd others of Yongzhen and Qianlong periods of the Qing dynasty. Chinese copper red glazes have been held in high regard throughout the world, and many have wondered at their complex and sophisticated technology. Through analysis, we unlock some of the technical secrets of these famous wares in order that more people may appreciate the technical excellence underlying the visual appearances of these wares and that these glazes may be replicated better by contemporary ceramic factories in Jingdezhen.Seven examples of Jingdezhen copper red glazes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, refiring tests and microprobe analysis to determine the compositions, microstructures and firing temperatures.

Study on Defensiveness of Ancient Dwellings in High-Chair Village of Huitong County of Hunan Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3002-3007
Author(s):  
Ming Luo ◽  
Su Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
The South ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

High-Chair Village is located in the south of the Wuling Mountain with a complicated living environment. But it has never undergone any wars, fire and other major damage since Ming dynasty. It is a large-sized and relatively intact residential building of architectural complex of Ming and Qing dynasties. Defensiveness plays an important role in traditional residences. This paper analyses its defensive tactics and techniques full of geographical characteristics from three aspects, namely village location, architectural form and spatial organization in order to learn the essence of creation from the ancient people.

Ruling out Change: Institutional Impediments to Transfer of Technology in Ship Building and Design in the Far East

Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Bao Leshi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technological Tradition

In the Chinese technological tradition, no sector, apart from that of agriculture, is as rich in original ideas as naval architecture. Over the past three millennia, hundreds of different types of craft have been developed for use on China's shallow lakes, on its fast flowing rivers and along its often stormy coastal waters. Each type was developed for specific use as a means of transportation, and would seem to represent the ultimate answer to the challenges posed by local conditions. Ultimate answer, that is, within the limitations of the traditional building materials with which these boats were constructed and fitted out. Nor was ingenuity confined to construction techniques.

YÜKSEK YAPILARIN TASARIMLARININ VE YAPIM TEKNİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cihat ARI
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
New Construction ◽  
High Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Design And Construction

With the increase of the population recently, changes have occurred in the design and construction techniques of the buildings due to the insufficient building stock. With the development of science and technology, new construction techniques have emerged in the construction and design of structures. In the global population increase, high-rise buildings were built to meet the need for shelter and these structures were built with the development of technology. However, high-rise buildings have become the symbol of technological development for countries and cities. Since the 21st century, the construction of high-rise buildings in cities with different designs and new construction techniques has provided the development of architecture and engineering. It is important to design high-rise buildings in accordance with the culture and texture of the city. In addition, high-rise buildings should be built as structures resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires and floods. For this reason, the design and construction techniques of high-rise buildings have become a research subject in the field of architecture and engineering. The aim of this study is to examine the designs and construction techniques of high-rise buildings. In the first part of the study, the concept of high rise building and its historical development are discussed. In the second part of the study, the designs and construction techniques of high-rise buildings are investigated. In addition, the study was conducted to examine the high structure by giving examples from the world and Turkey. Within the scope of the study, literature researches such as domestic and international articles, books, published theses, web resources were conducted and data were collected. As a result of the examinations made within the scope of the study, it is important to select the building materials in accordance with the characteristics of the building materials in the design and construction techniques of high-rise buildings with the development of technology. Therefore, the architect should know the properties of the materials in the design of high-rise buildings and use them in accordance with the properties of the material in the construction of the buildings. In addition, increasing the height of the building by making aerodynamic designs in high buildings reduces the effect of the wind speed.

How Can the European Community Fulfil the Kyoto Protocol? the Wise-Man Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-434
Author(s):  
Knut Kübler
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
European Community ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Flexible Mechanisms

The decisions taken at the 7th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC make it likely that sufficient Parties will proceed with ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to result in its entry into force before the Johannesburg summit in 2002. Can the European Community fulfil the obligations of the Kyoto Protocol? The answer is yes and easily, if it follows the wise-man approach, taking advantage of the flexible mechanisms, using the option to absorb CO2 emissions by proper “land-use-change”, exploiting the greenhouse gas reduction potential outside the energy sector and implementing some of the current proposals in the area of energy and transport policy. Quantitative analysis lead to the result that there is no need to develop new measures to meet the obligations of the Kyoto Protocol. The coming years can be used to facilitate the transition to a new energy system and to start exploring policies beyond 2012.

Study on Traditional Residence Features of Jiaozuo Beizhu Village

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3571-3574
Author(s):  
Ming Ma ◽  
Hui Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Space Form ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties

The dwellings of Beizhu in Jiaozuo station is the ancient dwellings of Ming and Qing dynasties. In this paper, the authors research the space form, architectural form, building materials and construction technology after survey. Summarize the characteristics of Jiaozuo Beizhu village traditional houses.

Population, Land Use and Environmental Impacts in Shucheng County, Anhui Province, China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zuozhi ◽  
Gu Hongyi ◽  
Dai Yangben ◽  
Wu Xuande ◽  
John A. Dearing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Ming And Qing Dynasties

The Influence of Regional Natural Environment on Yongning Mosuo’s Architectural Forms and Building Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Long Zhao ◽  
Ye Chao Zhang ◽  
Wen Tang ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
Natural Architecture ◽  
The Relationship

This article takes Mosuo's Muleng house (well structured wooden buildings) of Yongning which located at Ninglang County, Yunnan Province as an example to analyze the relationship between national tradition housing and regional natural environment. The analysis explores the relationship between the national architectures and living environment in the eyes of Mosuo to dig their thinking and logical way in the process of constructing Muleng house and the usage of natural architecture materials.

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