Sanskrit Parsing Following Indian Theories of Verbal Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Amba Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Graph Traversal ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Tradition ◽  
Important Milestone ◽  
Verbal Cognition

Pāṇini’s grammar is an important milestone in the Indian grammatical tradition. Unlike grammars of other languages, it is almost exhaustive and together with the theories of śābdabodha (verbal cognition), this grammar provides a system for language analysis as well as generation. The theories of śābdabodha describe three conditions necessary for verbal cognition. They are ākāṅkṣā (expectancy), yogyatā (meaning congruity), and sannidhi (proximity). We examine them from a computational viewpoint and provide appropriate computational models for their representation. Next, we describe the design of a parser following the theories of śābdabodha and present three algorithms for solving the constraints imposed by the theories of śābdabodha . The first algorithm is modeled as a constraint satisfaction problem, the second one as a vertex-centric graph traversal, and the third one as an edge-centric binary join, each one being an improvement over the previous one.

scholarly journals Permutation groups with small orbit growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Bodirsky ◽  
Bertalan Bodor
Keyword(s):  
Automorphism Group ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problem ◽  
Permutation Groups ◽  
First Order ◽  
Finite Covers

Abstract Let K exp + \mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}} be the class of all structures 𝔄 such that the automorphism group of 𝔄 has at most c ⁢ n d ⁢ n cn^{dn} orbits in its componentwise action on the set of 𝑛-tuples with pairwise distinct entries, for some constants c , d c,d with d < 1 d<1 . We show that K exp + \mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}} is precisely the class of finite covers of first-order reducts of unary structures, and also that K exp + \mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}} is precisely the class of first-order reducts of finite covers of unary structures. It follows that the class of first-order reducts of finite covers of unary structures is closed under taking model companions and model-complete cores, which is an important property when studying the constraint satisfaction problem for structures from K exp + \mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}} . We also show that Thomas’ conjecture holds for K exp + \mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}} : all structures in K exp + \mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}} have finitely many first-order reducts up to first-order interdefinability.

scholarly journals Beyond symptom control: Research in psychosocial and existential issues in palliative care

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM BREITBART
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
European Association ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Care Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Existential Issues ◽  
Important Milestone

Stresa, a small town on the shores of the Lago Maggiore, about one hour north of Milan, Italy, was the site of the Third Research Forum of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC). From June 3 through 6, 2004, researchers from all across Europe, as well as investigators from North America, Australia, Japan, and Israel, gathered to review the state of palliative care research and set an agenda for the future. The setting was bucolic and tranquil; the official language was English; the accents were diverse; the accommodations were grand; the ambiance was intimate and insouciant; the dinners were elegant; the dress was stylish; the organization was impeccable; and the scholarship was of the highest level. All this, perhaps, was to be expected of an EAPC event, hosted by an Executive Scientific Committee and Research Committee headed by Franco De Conno of the Instituto di Tumori of Milano, Italy, and his colleagues. What was unexpected, however, was the prominence of research on psychosocial, existential, and spiritual aspects of palliative care at this critically important, international, palliative care research forum. Clearly, 2004 marks an important milestone for the entry of research in psychosocial and existential issues into the mainstream of academic palliative care. Palliative and Supportive Care, having just successfully completed its inaugural year of publication in 2003, is now extraordinarily and uniquely well placed to be the preeminent international palliative care journal for research in the psychosocial, existential, and spiritual aspects of palliative care.

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