scholarly journals The Effects of Working Memory, Perceptual Speed, and Inhibition in Aggregated Search

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Arguello ◽  
Bogeum Choi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Aggregated Search

scholarly journals Association of AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in a population based sample of older adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shea J. Andrews ◽  
Debjani Das ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Simon Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Cognitive Domains

AbstractGenetic factors make a substantial contribution to inter-individual variability in cognitive function. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified two loci, AKAP6 and MIR2113 that are associated with general cognitive function. Here, we extend this previous research by investigating the association of MIR2113 and AKAP6 with baseline and longitudinal nonlinear change across a broad spectrum of cognitive domains in community-based cohort of 1,570 older adults without dementia. Two SNPs, MIR211-rs10457441 and AKAP6-rs17522122 were genotyped in 1,570 non-demented older Australians of European ancestry, who were examined up to 4 times over 12 years. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association between AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary, perceptual speed and reaction time at baseline and with linear and quadratic rates of change. AKAP6-rs17522122*T was associated with worse baseline performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary and perceptual speed, but it was not associated with cognitive change in any domain. MIR2113-rs10457441*T was associated with accelerated decline in episodic memory. No other associations with baseline cognitive performance or with linear or quadratic rate or cognitive changes was observed for this SNP. These results confirm the previous finding that, AKAP6 is associated with performance across multiple cognitive domains at baseline but not with cognitive decline, while MIR2113 primarily affects the rate at which memory declines over time.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Ambulatory Cognitive Assessments

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Sliwinski ◽  
Jacqueline A. Mogle ◽  
Jinshil Hyun ◽  
Elizabeth Munoz ◽  
Joshua M. Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Made In

Mobile technologies are increasingly used to measure cognitive function outside of traditional clinic and laboratory settings. Although ambulatory assessments of cognitive function conducted in people’s natural environments offer potential advantages over traditional assessment approaches, the psychometrics of cognitive assessment procedures have been understudied. We evaluated the reliability and construct validity of ambulatory assessments of working memory and perceptual speed administered via smartphones as part of an ecological momentary assessment protocol in a diverse adult sample ( N = 219). Results indicated excellent between-person reliability (≥0.97) for average scores, and evidence of reliable within-person variability across measurement occasions (0.41-0.53). The ambulatory tasks also exhibited construct validity, as evidence by their loadings on working memory and perceptual speed factors defined by the in-lab assessments. Our findings demonstrate that averaging across brief cognitive assessments made in uncontrolled naturalistic settings provide measurements that are comparable in reliability to assessments made in controlled laboratory environments.

Faster, smarter? Working memory capacity and perceptual speed in relation to fluid intelligence

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Redick ◽  
Nash Unsworth ◽  
Andrew J. Kelly ◽  
Randall W. Engle
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Perceptual Speed

scholarly journals Postmortem neurodegenerative markers and trajectories of decline in cognitive systems

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. e831-e840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Wilson ◽  
Jingyun Yang ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Sue E. Leurgans ◽  
Ana W. Capuano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Alzheimer Disease Pathology

ObjectiveTo assess whether neurodegenerative pathologies are differentially related to trajectories of change in different cognitive abilities.MethodsAt annual intervals for up to 21 years, 915 older participants in a longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort study completed a battery of 15 tests from which previously established composite measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed were derived. At death, they underwent a neuropathologic examination to quantify Alzheimer disease pathology, Lewy bodies, transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology, and hippocampal sclerosis plus multiple markers of cerebrovascular disease. Time-varying effect models were used to assess change over time in the relation of neuropathologic markers to cognitive trajectories.ResultsControlling for pathology, decline in perceptual speed was evident about 15 years before death; modest decline in semantic and working memory occurred later; and there was little change in episodic memory. Each neurodegenerative marker was associated with lower episodic memory function beginning about 10 to 16 years before death. As time before death decreased, Alzheimer disease pathology, Lewy bodies, and hippocampal sclerosis were associated with impairment in other cognitive domains but the association of TDP-43 pathology with cognition continued to be mainly confined to episodic memory.ConclusionsThe results suggest that episodic memory impairment is an early sign of multiple neurodegenerative conditions, which primarily differ in their associations with other cognitive systems.

scholarly journals Is Midlife Metabolic Syndrome Associated With Cognitive Function Change? The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1093-e1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Kazlauskaite ◽  
Imke Janssen ◽  
Robert S Wilson ◽  
Bradley M Appelhans ◽  
Denis A Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Context Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects cognitive function in late life, particularly in women. But longitudinal research is scarce on associations of MetS with cognitive function during midlife. Objective To determine associations between MetS exposure and cognitive function trajectories in midlife women. Design and Setting This is a 17-year prospective, longitudinal study of multiracial/ethnic women in 7 US communities, with annual/biennial assessments. Participants Participants were 2149 US women traversing menopause. Exposure Exposure consisted of MetS assessments (median 4 assessments over 4 years). Main Outcome Measures Main outcome measures were assessments of cognitive function in 3 domains: perceptual speed (symbol digit modalities test, SDMT), episodic memory (East Boston Memory Test, EBMT), and working memory (Digit Span Backward Test, DSB). Results By their first cognitive assessment (age 50.7 ± 2.9 years), 29.5% met the criteria for MetS. Women completed a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 6 (IQR 4–7) follow-up cognitive assessments over 11.2 (IQR 9.2–11.5) years. Women with MetS, compared with those without, had a larger 10-year decline in SDMT z-score (estimate –0.087, 95% confidence interval, –0.150 to –0.024; P = 0.007), after adjustment for cognitive testing practice effects, sociodemographics, lifestyle, mood, and menopause factors. As such, MetS accelerated the 10-year loss of perceptual speed by 24%. MetS did not differentially affect the rate of decline in either immediate (P = 0.534) or delayed (P = 0.740) episodic memory or in working memory (P = 0.584). Conclusions In midlife women MetS exposure was associated with accelerated decline in perceptual speed, but not episodic or working memory.

An Overview of Research into the Cognitive Basis of Intelligence

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

Abstract. This paper provides an overview of the research into the cognitive basis of intelligence. This research explains cognitive abilities in terms of cognitive units or properties of such units. Furthermore, this research is characterized by the application of so-called elementary cognitive tasks. The various approaches of this research originate from the concepts of cognitive psychology: Mental (and perceptual) speed, attention, working memory, memory access, and learning. All the approaches led to measures which correlate with measures of intelligence. The enormous importance of the cognitive basis is highlighted by the observation that predictors taken from the various approaches explain approximately 50% of the variance of intelligence. At the latent level the rate of explanation seems to surmount the 70% barrier. Furthermore, the problems and perspectives of the approaches are addressed.

scholarly journals Associations Between Smoking and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Chinese Older Adults in Chicago

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Shengxi Sun ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Mengting Li ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Previous studies on smoking and cognition reported mixed findings. The inconsistent results are partially explained by the fact that they were limited to specific populations and using different cognitive function measurements. This association between smoking and cognition has rarely been studied in the rapidly increasing U.S. Chinese older adults. This study aims to determine if smoking status and smoking amount are associated with global cognition and cognitive domains in U.S. Chinese older adults. Data was extracted PINE. Five cognitive function tests (East Boston Memory Test, East Boston Memory Delayed Recall, Digital Backward test, Symbol digit Modality Test, and MMSE) were used to measure cognitive domains including episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed. Five cognitive tests were converted to z scores and averaged to generate global cognition. Self-reported smoking status was used for generating smoking status and smoking amount (pack-years). Linear regression was used. The results showed that former smokers had lower global cognition (b=-0.111, SE=0.053, p<.05) and perceptual speed (b=-0.185, SE=0.066, p<.01) than never smokers; current smokers had lower global cognition (b=-0.240, SE=0.060, p<.001), working memory (b=-0.340, SE=0.083, p<.001) and perceptual speed (b=-0.370, SE=0.075, p<.001) compared with never smokers. Smoking pack-years is negatively associated with global cognition (b=-0.003, SE=0.001,p<.001), episodic memory (b=-0.005, SE=0.001, p<.001), and perceptual speed (b=-0.004, SE=0.001, p<.001). Findings revealed that among all smokers, current smokers had the worst cognition and heavier smoking was associated with worse cognition. Policymakers could take measures in lowering smoking amount among U.S. Chinese older adults to protect their cognition.

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