Agent-based system for highway gasoline price negotiations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Nowak ◽  
Maria Ganzha ◽  
Marcin Paprzycki ◽  
Costin Bădică ◽  
Mirjana Ivanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Price ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Price Negotiations

scholarly journals Agent-Based Evolutionary Method of Simulation the Co2 Emission Permits Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-265
Author(s):  
Jarosław Stańczak
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Goal Function ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Emission Permits ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Evolutionary Method ◽  
Price Negotiations

Abstract This article describes the problem of simulation of the CO2 emission permits market. First, it introduces a CO2 permission market model with transactions and purchase prices, in particular with a separate goal function for each party, transactions with price negotiations between regions and - as a consequence of introducing prices for permits - the possibility of investigating the influence of purchase/sale prices on the market. The behavior of such market model is simulated using a method, which is based on a specialized evolutionary method but introduces independent agents with their own transaction preferences.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

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