scholarly journals Strategies for in vitro engineering of the translation machinery

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Hammerling ◽  
Antje Krüger ◽  
Michael C Jewett
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Translation Machinery ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Translation Factors ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
New Applications

Abstract Engineering the process of molecular translation, or protein biosynthesis, has emerged as a major opportunity in synthetic and chemical biology to generate novel biological insights and enable new applications (e.g. designer protein therapeutics). Here, we review methods for engineering the process of translation in vitro. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the two major strategies—purified and extract-based systems—and how they may be used to manipulate and study translation. Techniques to engineer each component of the translation machinery are covered in turn, including transfer RNAs, translation factors, and the ribosome. Finally, future directions and enabling technological advances for the field are discussed.

Hey Siri, tell me a story: Digital storytelling and AI authorship

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-823
Author(s):  
Sarah Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
News Media ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Short Films ◽  
The Future ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Applications Of Ai

Surveying narrative applications of artificial intelligence in film, games and interactive fiction, this article imagines the future of artificial intelligence (AI) authorship and explores trends that seek to replace human authors with algorithmically generated narrative. While experimental works that draw on text generation and natural language processing have a rich history, this article focuses on commercial applications of AI narrative and looks to future applications of this technology. Video games have incorporated AI and procedural generation for many years, but more recently, new applications of this technology have emerged in other media. Director Oscar Sharp and artist Ross Goodwin, for example, generated significant media buzz about two short films that they produced which were written by their AI screenwriter. It’s No Game (2017), in particular, offers an apt commentary on the possibility of replacing striking screenwriters with AI authors. Increasingly, AI agents and virtual assistants like Siri, Cortana, Alexa and Google Assistant are incorporated into our daily lives. As concerns about their eavesdropping circulate in news media, it is clear that these companions are learning a lot about us, which raises concerns about how our data might be employed in the future. This article explores current applications of AI for storytelling and future directions of this technology to offer insight into issues that have and will continue to arise as AI storytelling advances.

Panel session: future directions and challenges for Java implementations of numeric-intensive industrial applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ginsberg ◽  
J. Hauser ◽  
J.E. Moreira ◽  
R. Morgan ◽  
J.C. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Panel Session

scholarly journals Polymer Nanocomposites

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen I. Winey ◽  
Richard A. Vaia
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Filled Polymers ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Nanopar Ticles ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
New Applications

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites (PNCs)–that is, nanopar ticles (spheres, rods, plates) dispersed in a polymer matrix–have garnered substantial academic and industrial in terest since their inception, circa 1990. This is due in large part to the incredible promise demonstrated by these early efforts: PNCs will not only expand the per form ance space of traditional filled polymers, but introduce completely new combinations of properties and thus enable new applications for plastics. Low volume additions (1–5%) of nanopar -ticles, such as layered silicates or carbon nanotubes, provide property enhancements with respect to the neat resin that are comparable to those achieved by conventional loadings (15–40%) of traditional fillers. The lower loadings facilitate proc essing and re duce component weight. Most important, though, is the unique value - added properties not normally possible with traditional fillers, such as reduced permeability, optical clarity, self - passivation, and increased re sis tance to oxidation and ablation. These characteristics have been transformed into numerous commercial suc cesses, including automotive parts, coatings, and flame retardants. This issue of theMRS Bulletinprovides a snapshot of these exemplary successes, future opportunities, and the critical scientific challenges still to be addressed for these nanoscale multiphase systems. In addition, these ar ticles provide a perspective on the current status and future directions of polymer nanocomposite science and technology and their potential to move beyond additive concepts to designed ma te rials and devices with prescribed nanoscale composition and morphology.

Panel session: Future directions for commercial finite element software

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-6) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ginsberg ◽  
G Clifford ◽  
F Felker ◽  
L Komzsik ◽  
S Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Panel Session ◽  
Finite Element Software
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