Connemara Marble, Co. Galway, Ireland: a Global Heritage Stone Resource proposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick N. Wyse Jackson ◽  
Louise Caulfield ◽  
Martin Feely ◽  
Ambrose Joyce ◽  
Matthew A. Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
The West ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hydrothermal Metamorphism

AbstractConnemara Marble, a well-known distinctive decorative stone from the west of Ireland, is herein proposed as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. Connemara Marble is a sillimanite-grade ophicarbonate, dominated by dolomite and calcite with varying proportions of serpentine, diopside, forsterite, tremolite clinochlore and phlogopite. The marble displays intricate corrugated layers that range in colour from white through sepias to various shades of green. These features impart unique characteristics that set the marble apart from other ornamental stones. Characteristics reflect amphibolite-grade metamorphism of an impure siliceous dolomitic limestone during the Grampian orogeny (475–463 Ma). Olivine, diopside, tremolite along with calcite and dolomite were formed during the peak of metamorphism which was followed by a later pervasive hydrothermal metamorphism that led to the extensive growth of serpentine after olivine and diopside. It has been used since Neolithic times, but has been quarried and fashioned in Connemara since the eighteenth century, and widely utilized in buildings in Ireland and the UK, for cladding, banisters, columns and church fittings. Later in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries it was exported in large quantities to the USA for use in civic and educational buildings. Its many uses as an ornamental stone in the interiors of buildings and in Irish jewellery commands worldwide acclaim.

‘Old Mobilities’? Transatlantic Women from the West of Ireland 1880s–1920s

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Walter
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The West ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
West Of Ireland

The ‘new mobilities paradigm’ set out by Sheller and Urry (2006) and others urges social scientists to centre many interlocking mobilities in their analyses of contemporary social change, challenging taken-for-granted sedentarism. Drawing on the example of Irish women's chain migration from small farms in the West of Ireland to the East coast of the USA in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this paper explores a longer history of high levels of mobility. Whilst migration lay at the heart of the movement, it encompassed a much wider range of movements of people, information and material goods. The ‘moorings’ of women in the their workplace-homes on rural farms and in urban domestic service constituted a gendered immobility, but migration also opened up new opportunities for intra-urban moves, circulatory Transatlantic journeys and upward social mobility. The materiality of such ‘old’ mobility provides an early baseline against which to assess the huge scale of rapidly-changing hyper-mobility and instantaneous communication in the twenty-first century.

South Asian Diaspora

2019 ◽  
pp. 396-407
Author(s):  
Sam George
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asians ◽  
South Asian Diaspora ◽  
Spiritual Quest ◽  
Asian Diaspora ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
The Uk

South Asia accounted for more than 32 million emigrants worldwide. These figures do not include the Old Diaspora –when millions were taken to work as indentured labourers, losing all links to their ancestral homelands. Most early migratory interactions, initiated by foreigners who came for trade or conquest, took people out of this region, a people that did not venture far from home. The dispersion out of South Asia can be divided into three waves: the Old Diaspora (early to mid-eighteenth century), the New Diaspora (1940s to 1990s) and the Modern Diaspora (beginning in the early 1990s). This latest diaspora is marked by mass migration of software engineers to Western countries, especially the USA, Canada, the UK, Germany and Australia. South Asians are very religious and are less landlocked than people of other faiths in the region. The alienation that result from transplantation in religious and spiritual terms, make migration for South Asians a ‘theologising experience’. Many South Asians have joined the Christian fold in diasporic locations as they feel less stigma than in their ancestral homelands. Uncertainties about the future keep immigrants continually on the edge, which leads some to a deeper spiritual quest.

scholarly journals Urban Uprisings: The Troubled Relationship Between Citizens and Police in France, the UK, and the USA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luuk Slooter
Keyword(s):  
Collective Violence ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
The West ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Political Protests ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Violent outbursts in Paris (2005), London (2011), and Ferguson (2014) illustrate the problematic and disturbing relationship between citizens and police in the ‘West’. While these episodes are often portrayed as ‘apolitical’ and ‘criminal’ in media and political debates, they are in the academic literature predominantly seen as (unarticulated) forms of political protests against structural inequalities. Building on this political perspective, I will first argue that the interplay between structural, police, and ‘private’ violence is at the core of these urban uprisings. Subsequently, I will identify four common factors that contributed to the onset and legitimization of collective violence in Paris, London, and Ferguson: an emotive and symbolically significant incident, often with a young inhabitant of a marginalized neighbourhood as protagonist; police involvement; unclarity and pre-violence rumours; and pre-existing us-them divides. In the conclusion, I will emphasize the importance and need of a systemic approach towards police reform.

The Way of Hilton: Esprit de Corps in the UK and the USA in the Twentieth Century

Ensemblance ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194-229
Author(s):  
Luis de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English Version ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Team Spirit ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

This chapter shows how and why English uses of the idiom ‘esprit de corps’ in the twentieth century were not only increasingly frequent, but also dominantly laudative. The English version of the phrase tended to forget the pejorative political meaning invented by the Philosophes in the eighteenth century. If esprit de corps continued to thrive in several discourses (military, political, intellectual and theoretical, corporate, sports...), it was with a meaning that was increasingly generic and standard, often close to the idea of team spirit with a bellicose and enthusiastic twist. American managerial discourse reinvented esprit de corps in the twentieth century as an anthem of what the author proposes to call regimental capitalism,an alternative to trade-unionism The chapter also narrates the case of Conrad Hilton, the founder of the international chain of hotels, who explicitly transplanted his experience of military esprit de corps in France during WWI into his philosophy and practice of management.

Besant, Chatto, and Watt

Walter Besant ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Simon Eliot
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Agent ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Walter Besant

Walter Besant was a very successful novelist in the late nineteenth century but his income never quite matched his popularity, which rose in the 1880s and slowly fell thereafter. He did not use the royalty system in his contracts but instead sold his copyrights either outright or for a limited term to book, magazine, and newspaper publishers. This was probably an expression of his doubts about the longer-term success of his work. He was one of the earliest significant novelists to use the services of A. P. Watt, the first formal literary agent in the UK. Watt was able to farm Besant’s literary property by splitting it into UK book rights (usually sold to Chatto and Windus), foreign book rights, first serialisation rights, second serialisation rights, and syndication in various newspaper and magazine markets in the USA, Europe, and British Empire. In the 1890s Besant earned an average of £1,750 for each of his major novels. Besant claimed that Watt had increased his income significantly. There is evidence that Watt did have an effect, but that Besant becoming a solo writer after 1881 – and gaining securer income in the USA from the Chace Act (1891) – were the more important factors.

scholarly journals Backlash Against Globalisation and the Shadow of Phobos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Rewizorski
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
Economic Globalisation

Abstract This article addresses challenges to the established international order. Its critique becomes particularly discernible at the domestic level, where political and economic frameworks are contested by electorates and anti-establishment movements in Western countries, engulfed by anti-globalisation sentiments and disillusioned with the asymmetric formula of globalisation. Populism implies that the ‘social revolt’ facing the West today, regardless of whether it takes place in France, Greece, Hungary, Poland, the UK or the USA, is not a legitimate response to deep-seated problems but rather is the problem itself. The main aims of this article are to investigate what has caused this surge of support for populism in the West; what the role of the default system of economic governance is in inspiring populist resentment; and, finally, what the identity crisis, stemming from ‘hyperglobalisation’, and wrecking the social order in Western societies has to do with fear, (un)fairness and the redistributive effects of economic globalisation.

The hippie as pilgrim

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Gemie ◽  
Brian Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Historical Contextualisation ◽  
Spiritual Pilgrimage ◽  
Christian Beliefs

The chapter starts by recounting the story of ‘George’, who travelled to India and found a faith. Some historical contextualisation is given: the decline of Christian beliefs and practices in the UK and USA after 1945 is considered. There were precedents to spiritual searches in the East: in the nineteenth century both Egypt and Tibet were seen as lands which held mystical truths. The rise of new forms of religion in the West, such as Buddhism, is considered. It is argued that these religions had a particular force in the USA. The appeal of Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism is considered. On the other hand, there was a groundswell of religious scepticism among some travellers. In conclusion, it is argued that the hippy trail should be considered as a form of secular, possibly spiritual, pilgrimage.

Inventing music education games

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ghere ◽  
Fred M. B. Amram
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Educational Theory ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
British Patent ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

The first British patent describing an educational game designed for musical ‘amusement and instruction’ was granted in 1801 to Ann Young of Edinburgh, Scotland. The authors' discovery of Young's game box has prompted an examination of the nature and purpose of the six games she designed. Ann Young's patent is discussed in the context of her cultural environment, the history of women inventors, and eighteenth century educational theory. The activities are compared with musical instruction games recently patented in the UK and the USA.

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