Opportunity-driven hydrological model development in US Army research and development programs

<p>Hydrological models are often calibrated with respect to flow observations at the basin outlet. As a result, flow predictions may seem reliable but this is not necessarily the case for the spatiotemporal variability of system-internal processes, especially in large river basins. Satellite observations contain valuable information not only for poorly gauged basins with limited ground observations and spatiotemporal model calibration, but also for stepwise model development. This study explored the value of satellite observations to improve our understanding of hydrological processes through stepwise model structure adaption and to calibrate models both temporally and spatially. More specifically, satellite-based evaporation and total water storage anomaly observations were used to diagnose model deficiencies and to subsequently improve the hydrological model structure and the selection of feasible parameter sets. A distributed, process based hydrological model was developed for the Luangwa river basin in Zambia and calibrated with respect to discharge as benchmark. This model was modified stepwise by testing five alternative hypotheses related to the process of upwelling groundwater in wetlands, which was assumed to be negligible in the benchmark model, and the spatial discretization of the groundwater reservoir. Each model hypothesis was calibrated with respect to 1) discharge and 2) multiple variables simultaneously including discharge and the spatiotemporal variability in the evaporation and total water storage anomalies. The benchmark model calibrated with respect to discharge reproduced this variable well, as also the basin-averaged evaporation and total water storage anomalies. However, the evaporation in wetland dominated areas and the spatial variability in the evaporation and total water storage anomalies were poorly modelled. The model improved the most when introducing upwelling groundwater flow from a distributed groundwater reservoir and calibrating it with respect to multiple variables simultaneously. This study showed satellite-based evaporation and total water storage anomaly observations provide valuable information for improved understanding of hydrological processes through stepwise model development and spatiotemporal model calibration.</p>

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Vehicle Technologies and Fuel Cell Technologies Office Research and Development Programs: Prospective Benefits Assessment for Medium- and Heavy-duty Vehicles

10.2172/1618829 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

T. S. Stephens ◽

R. Vijayagopal ◽

Michael Dwyer ◽

Alicia Birky

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Research And Development ◽

Development Programs ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Cell Technologies ◽

Vehicle Technologies ◽

Heavy Duty Vehicles

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ISOTOPES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1971. Progress Reports on Sponsored Work.

10.2172/4706286 ◽

1972 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Development Programs

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La PUISIFY The Form of Application-Based Poetry Learning Media SAC.2.0 on Android

Aksis Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia ◽

10.21009/aksis.030210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 334-336

Author(s):

Dewi Kusumaningsih ◽

Bety Ayu Windi Ariyanto ◽

Haryanti Budi Utami ◽

Krisna Adi Ismaya

Keyword(s):

Secondary Schools ◽

Research And Development ◽

Language Learning ◽

Instrument Development ◽

Model Development ◽

Language And Literature ◽

New Learning ◽

Power Point ◽

D Model ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

The study highlights the development of poetry learning instrument using Smart Application Creator (SAC) 2.0 program for Android. The study belongs to a Research and Development (RnD). The initial exploration included the observation of the Indonesian Language learning instrument utilized by a number of secondary schools which are the former education institutions of the students of Indonesian Language and Literature Department (PBSI) of University of Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo. The result of observation became the underlying framework for the development of poetry learning instrument through the SAC 2.0 program for Android. The design of the learning instrument development refered to the four-D model development that consists of four stages, including define, design, develop, and disseminate. The development model was firstly developed by Thiagarajan, dkk. The findings revealed that Android-based learning instrument had yet been massively utilized for secondary schools. Most of the teachers still rely on the PowerPoint presentation which is displayed through the projector. The development of the learning instrument that refers to the 4D stages has successfully provided an innovative Android-based poetry learning instrument. The instrument has also been disseminated publicly. The new learning instrument is easy in its installation and application through Android devices. Keywords: android, learning instrument, poetry instrument, smart application creator 2.0. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengangkat pengembangan media pembelajaran puisi dengan menggunakan program Smart Aplication Creator 2.0 berbasis andoid. Bentuk penelitian adalah Research and Development (RnD). Eksplorasi awal dengan pengamatan penggunaan media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA-SMA alumni para mahasiswa Progdi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (PBSI) FKIP Universitas Veteran Bantara. Hasil pengamatan dipakai sebagai dasar pengembangan media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia khususnya puisi dengan aplikasi SAC 2.0 di android. Model pengembangan dalam merancang dan membuat media pembelajaran puisi berbasis android ini menggunakan model pengembangan four-D models yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu Define (pendefinisian), Design (perancangan), Develop (pengembangan) dan Dessiminate (penyebaran). Model pengembangan ini dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, dkk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis andriod di SMA belum digunakan. Guru masih menggunakan media pembelajaran power point serta proyektor saja. Proses pengembangan model media pembelajaran dilakukan sesuai 4 langkah D berhasil membuat inovasi media pembelajaran puisi berbasis adroid yang sudah diseminasikan pada publik. Model media pembelajaran ini mudah diinstal dan diaplikasikan di telepon genggam berbasis android. Kata kunci: andriod, media pembelajaran, media puisi, smart aplication creator 2.0.

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COHORT-BASED GRAMMAR TEACHING MODEL DEVELOPMENT IN STRUCTURE SECTION OF TOEFL AT SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU MANAJEMEN SUKMA MEDAN

LINGUISTIK TERAPAN ◽

10.24114/lt.v15i1.11272 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hidayat Hidayat ◽

Busmin Gurning ◽

Rahmad Husein

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Model Development ◽

Multiple Choice ◽

Multiple Choice Question ◽

Teaching Model ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Time Saving ◽

Grammar Teaching ◽

High Result ◽

Teaching Grammar

This research makes use of Research and Development method in which a teaching model is developed to teaching grammar in the form of multiple-choice questions. It is Cohort-based Grammar Teaching Model that is developed. In the development of this teaching model, fifty students took part in. The research was conducted at Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Sukma Medan on jalan Sakti Lubis no. 80. To figure out what teaching model which the students need, questionaire was disseminated. In analyzing the available data from the instrument, questionaire inspired by Guttman Scale was made with numerous modifications in statements and questions.The analysis reveals that the participants require an intersting and fun grammar teaching model; easy to understand and more efective; quick problem-solving, time-saving and target-oriented. Due to this reason, eventually, Cohort-based Grammar Teaching Model is not mediocrewhere it is capable of alternating grammar problem for multiple-choice question in structure part of the TOEFL in a relative instant high result way.Keywords: Research and Development, Teaching Grammar, Multiple-choice question, Cohort

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KM Tools : Making Connections

10.21079/11681/41924 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Research And Development ◽

Knowledge Base ◽

Development Programs ◽

Engineer Research ◽

Management Tools ◽

Experimental Knowledge ◽

Development Center ◽

Knowledge Management Tools ◽

The U.S

Knowledge management is vital to successfully executing research and development programs within the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). Experimental knowledge management initiatives over the years led to discoveries about the best ways to store and access ERDC’s vast knowledge base. This document highlights several of the effective knowledge management tools that evolved from these discoveries, helping you to find and share knowledge!

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DOME PETROLEUM'S OIL SPILL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE ARCTIC

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1981-1-173 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 1981 (1) ◽

pp. 173-181

Author(s):

W. M. Pistruzak

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Development Program ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

The Arctic ◽

Oil Well ◽

Development Programs ◽

Worst Case ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Future Production

ABSTRACT Canadian Marine Drilling (Canmar), a wholly owned subsidiary of Dome Petroleum Ltd., is conducting exploratory drilling in the Beaufort Sea with the objective of on-stream production by the mid-1980s. If a major oil well blow-out should occur, and the probability of such an occurrence is very small, (Bercha, 1977), oil would be released to the surface of the sea until a relief well could be drilled or the well sealed itself. The relief well could be drilled during the same drill season, or, in the worst case, it might not be completed until the following year. Therefore, Dome could be faced with the problem of cleaning up an oil spill during open-water, freeze-up, and winter or spring break-up conditions. To this end, Dome has developed a contingency plan, based on, and updated according to, its ongoing research and development programs to deal with an oil spill during each of the above-mentioned periods of time. To date, Dome has invested approximately $10 million in its research and development programs. This paper deals with Dome's research and development in oil spill countermeasures for its present ongoing exploration activities and its future production and transportation systems.

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