A reappraisal of Pecopteris miltonii (Artis) Brongniart, a mid-Westphalian (Early–Mid Pennsylvanian) fern

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Wagner ◽  
Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Lower Silesia

Pecopteris miltonii, a middle Westphalian fern originally described from Yorkshire, England, is redescribed and figured here from roof shales of the Barnsley Seam, the level from which it was first recorded. This material is regarded as complementary to the holotype, a fertile specimen showing limited morphological variation and almost lacking venation. Pinna shape of the holotype, including terminals, and the shape and dimensions of pinnules, match that of the material in hand. An analysis of the literature shows that only a limited number of specimens recorded with the miltonii epithet may be regarded as properly assigned. This includes a magnificent specimen figured from Lower Silesia by Stur. Although the species is apparently rare, it is fairly widespread, from North America to central Europe (Bohemia, Lower Silesia). The taxonomic position of Pecopteris miltonii is discussed with reference to the genera Lobatopteris and Crenulopteris, and its synonymy with Pecopteris aspidioides is proposed. A full analysis of Pecopteris miltonii and its synonymy serves to delimit this classical species, which has been often misidentified.

Abrothallus cladoniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Position

Abstract A description is provided for Abrothallus cladoniae, a parasite of a range of Cladonia species. Information is included on morphology, associated organisms and substrata, geographical distribution (North America (USA (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio)), Europe (Denmark, Luxembourg, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK, England)), dispersal/transmission, conservation status and taxonomic position.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for multiple introductions of the banded grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis) in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K.S. Layton ◽  
C.P.K. Warne ◽  
A. Nicolai ◽  
A. Ansart ◽  
J.R. deWaard
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Base Pair Fragment

Global identification and monitoring programs for invasive species aim to reduce imminent impacts to biodiversity, ecosystem services, agriculture, and human health. This study employs a 658 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to identify and categorize clades of the banded grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)) from native (European) and introduced (North American) ranges using a maximum-likelihood phylogeny and haplotype networks. This work corroborates the existence of eight clades within C. nemoralis and further identified three clades that were common to both Europe and North America (A, D, O). Clades A and D were found in eastern Canada, Ontario (Canada), and British Columbia (Canada), whereas clade O was restricted to Ontario, possibly introduced from Poland or central Europe. Haplotype networks suggest clade A was introduced from northern Europe, whereas clade D was introduced from western and central Europe. Networks contained many private haplotypes and a lack of haplotype sharing, suggesting strong genetic structure in this system, possibly resulting from reduced dispersal in this species. This study describes the contemporary distribution of C. nemoralis in Canada and demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcoding for monitoring the spread of invasive species, warranting its widespread adoption in management policies.

REDESCRIPTION OF AND HOST-INDUCED ANTENNAL VARIATION IN ANAPHES IOLE GIRAULT (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE), AN EGG PARASITE OF MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA) IN NORTH AMERICA

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Huber ◽  
V.K. Rajakulendran
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Egg Parasite ◽  
Anaphes Iole

AbstractAnaphes iole Girault is redescribed from specimens reared from Lygus hesperus Knight and Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). Anaphes anomocerus, A. ovijentatus, and A. perdubius are synonyms of A. iole. Host-induced morphological variation is discussed. The main attributes that vary with host are the relative size of certain funicular articles and their complement of sensory ridges. There is no morphological overlap between populations as indicated by measurements of most other structures. However, certain structural features that can be used to define the species unequivocally were found.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in the hydromedusa genus Polyorchis on the west coast of North America

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Rees ◽  
R. J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Radial Canal

Morphological variation in the hydromedusan genus Polyorchis on the west coast of North America is analyzed in relation to gonad number, tentacle number, and radial canal diverticula number relative to the height of the bell. In specimens of Polyorchis examined, it is concluded that P. penicillatus (Eschscholtz, 1829) is highly variable morphologically over its known geographic range from Alaska to Baja California. Polyorchis montereyensis Skogsberg, 1948 is considered a synonym of P. penicillatus, and P. haplus Skogsberg, 1948, is retained as a valid species.

Larvae and pupae of Dascillidae (Coleoptera): morphological study and discussion of their relationships to Scarabaeoidea and Eulichadidae

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke Scholtz ◽  
Vasily Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Instar

AbstractExternal morphology of late-instar larvae and pupae of the coleopteran family Dascillidae is revised. Larvae studied for Dascillus Latreille with two species from Europe and North America, Notodascillus Carter from Australia and Pleolobus Philippi from Chile; pupae studied for D. davidsoni LeConte. Larval diagnosis and description of the family are updated. Dascillid larvae exhibit little morphological variation and share eight apparently apomorphic characters. Widely accepted sister-group relationship between Dascillidae and Rhipiceridae is not supported with larval morphology because ectoparasitic larvae of Rhipiceridae are poorly known and apparently highly modified morphologically. The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is unlikely to be a close relative of Dascillidae since this hypothesis is based mainly on habitat-dependent convergences of soil-dwellers (grub-like body shape, reduced stemmata) or possible symplesiomorphic similarities. Ten similarities between larvae of Dascillidae and Eulichadidae (Dryopoidea) were found. Some of these are possibly synapomorphies of these two groups. Larval and pupal morphology of Dascillidae is illustrated by 26 drawings.

The systematics of Ranunculus gmelinii and R. hyperboreus in North America

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1713-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Controlled Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
Representative Material

A consideration of the taxonomy of Ranunculus gmelinii DC. and R. hyperboreus Rottb. is presented. The role of phenotypic plasticity is indicated as a factor contributing to the range of morphological variation in these species and to the confusion found in their taxonomy. The present work, by a reexamination of representative material collected throughout the North American range of the species, and the use of controlled growth conditions, has suggested new limits for the species. This has resulted in modifications of the descriptions of the species and (or) the reduction of taxa to synonymy.Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottb. var. turquetilianus Polunin has been made a synonym of R. gmelinii DC.; R. natans C.A. Mey. var. intertextus (Greene) L. Benson has been made a synonym of R. hyperboreus Rottb.

Diploid and tetraploid cytotypes and subspecies of Odontarrhena tortuosa (Brassicaceae) in Pannonia: differences in morphology, ecology and genome size

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 358 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
STANISLAV ŠPANIEL ◽  
LÝDIA HABURAJOVÁ ◽  
VERONIKA CETLOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Flow Cytometric Data ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Rocky Habitats

Odontarrhena tortuosa is a herbaceous species occurring in steppe and rocky habitats of Eurasia. The present study is focused on the cytogeography and morphological variation of the species’ populations growing in the Pannonian basin (Central Europe), which represents the westernmost part of its distribution area. Flow cytometric analyses have revealed the existence of tetraploid populations, which are reported here for the first time for Central Europe. We analysed the morphological variation of 329 individuals from Slovakia, Hungary and Serbia by multivariate morphometric methods to evaluate morphological differences between two cytotypes (diploids and tetraploids), between the subspecies (O. tortuosa subsp. tortuosa and O. tortuosa subsp. heterophylla) and between populations growing in three regions differing in the type of substrate (rocks, sand dunes and sandy and rocky screes). Although we have not found any clear morphological differences between the cytotypes, we have confirmed several previously reported morphological differences between the two subspecies, which occur in regions differing in the type of substrate. Flow cytometric data also indicate certain differences in monoploid genome size between all groups of populations under comparison. Populations from Serbia differ from other populations of O. tortuosa subsp. tortuosa in morphology and genome size, but due to a lack of data on the genetic variation of the species we suggest no change in taxonomy. For the identification of the two subspecies, we present an updated determination key.

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