We describe how the presence of the antisymmetric tensor (torsion) on the world sheet action of string theory renders the size of the target space a gauge noninvariant quantity. This generalizes the R ↔ 1/R symmetry in which momenta and windings are exchanged, to the whole O(d,d,ℤ). The crucial point is that, with a transformation, it is possible always to have all of the lowest eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian to be momentum modes. We interpret this in the framework of noncommutative geometry, in which algebras take the place of point spaces, and of the spectral action principle for which the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator are the fundamental objects, out of which the theory is constructed. A quantum observer, in the presence of many low energy eigenvalues of the Dirac operator (and hence of the Hamiltonian) will always interpreted the target space of the string theory as effectively uncompactified.
T-Duality in Type II String Theory via Noncommutative Geometry and Beyond