Higher Order Effects of Interactions in Two-Dimensional Weakly Localized Regime

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Fukuyama ◽  
Yoshimasa Isawa ◽  
Hiroshi Yasuhara
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Higher Order Effects

Time after time: support for memory accounts of temporal preparation.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Butler ◽  
Samuel Ngabo ◽  
Marcus Missal
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Temporal Preparation ◽  
Subsequent Trial ◽  
Higher Order Effects

Complex biological systems build up temporal expectations to facilitate adaptive responses to environmental events, in order to minimise costs associated with incorrect responses, and maximise the benefits of correct responses. In the lab, this is clearly demonstrated in tasks which show faster response times when the period between warning (S1) and target stimulus (S2) on the previous trial was short and slower when the previous trial foreperiod was long. The mechanisms driving such higher order effects in temporal preparation paradigms are still under debate, with key theories proposing that either i) the foreperiod leads to automatic modulation of the arousal system which influences responses on the subsequent trial, or ii) that exposure to a foreperiod results in the creation of a memory trace which is used to guide responses on the subsequent trial. Here we provide data which extends the evidence base for the memory accounts, by showing that previous foreperiod exposures are cumulative with reaction times shortening after repeated exposures; whilst also demonstrate that the higher order effects associated with a foreperiod remain active for several trials.

scholarly journals Responsible innovation, anticipation and responsiveness: case studies of algorithms in decision support in justice and security, and an exploration of potential, unintended, undesirable, higher-order effects

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Steen ◽  
Tjerk Timan ◽  
Ibo van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Higher Order Effects

AbstractThe collection and use of personal data on citizens in the design and deployment of algorithms in the domain of justice and security is a sensitive topic. Values like fairness, autonomy, privacy, accuracy, transparency and property are at stake. Negative examples of algorithms that propagate or exacerbate biases, inequalities or injustices have received ample attention, both in academia and in popular media. To supplement this view, we will discuss two positive examples of Responsible Innovation (RI): the design and deployment of algorithms in decision support, with good intentions and careful approaches. We then explore potential, unintended, undesirable, higher-order effects of algorithms—effects that may occur despite good intentions and careful approaches. We do that by engaging with anticipation and responsiveness, two key dimensions of Responsible Innovation. We close the paper with proposing a framework and a series of tentative recommendations to promote anticipation and responsiveness in the design and deployment of algorithms in decision support in the domain of justice and security.

Tunnelling Effects of Solitons in Optical Fibers with Higher-Order Effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 338-346
Author(s):  
Chao-Qing Dai ◽  
Hai-Ping Zhu ◽  
Chun-Long Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Soliton Solutions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Bright Solitons ◽  
Dark Solitons ◽  
Tunnelling Effect ◽  
Tunnelling Effects ◽  
Higher Order Effects

We construct four types of analytical soliton solutions for the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients. These solutions include bright solitons, dark solitons, combined solitons, and M-shaped solitons. Moreover, the explicit functions which describe the evolution of the width, peak, and phase are discussed exactly.We finally discuss the nonlinear soliton tunnelling effect for four types of femtosecond solitons

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