Variation of Molecular Sound Velocity and Compressibility with Temperature and Pressure in Liquid Alkanes

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Liquid Alkanes

Ultrasonic Measurements with Rubber Compounds during Extrusion

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caspary ◽  
P. Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Reciprocal Value

Abstract The dependence of the Index of Elasticity, E, the reciprocal value of sound velocity, on temperature and pressure is related to specific volume and compressibility of rubbers. The sensitivity of E towards changes of temperature and pressure was calculated, indicating a new versatile possibility for the control of rubber extruders. To confirm this, extruder experiments were carried out with an SHR compound, of which a working diagram was established showing the complete behavior of E=f(p,T). The effect of compound composition, especially of plasticizer and carbon black content, was examined. Viscosity in the extruder primarily determines changes in E. The method was shown to be applicable up to a die diameter of at least 200 mm. The method may also be applied to follow degradation of rubber compounds during mastication.

Sound velocity in the head of the dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima, with anatomical and functional discussion

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Goold ◽  
Malcolm R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Kogia Sima

The velocity of sound through spermaceti oil from the melon of two Kogia sima specimens, stranded in Florida in 1995, was determined across a range of temperatures between 7 and 38°C and at pressures between 0 and 90 atm. Sound velocity values ranged between 1395-1669 m s−1, increasing linearly with increasing pressure but decreasing non-linearly with increasing temperature. Polynomials were generated to describe sound velocity as a function of temperature and pressure for the core and peripheral lipids of the melon. The results suggest that, at normal body temperature, sound travelling from the back to the front of the melon would have a tendency to focus during dives to any depth, largely due to heat exchange across the periphery of the melon. Effects of changes in ambient temperature and pressure are described and discussed in relation to anatomy.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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