Comparison of water uptake behavior on tensile property of epoxy impregnated continuous basalt and slag filament composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (22n24) ◽  
pp. 2040130
Author(s):  
Se-Yoon Kim ◽  
Soo-Jeong Park ◽  
Chang-Wook Park ◽  
Yun-Hae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Interfacial Bonding Strength ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

Slag fiber has economic and environmental advantages in that it converts a low-value-added material to a high-value-added material. However, although the slag fiber has a chemical composition similar to basalt fiber, its competitiveness in the fiber industry is significantly lower. Moreover, the slag fiber remains in the pre-commercial stage due to the uncertainty and instability of the basic properties. Therefore, in this study, the slag fiber customized through the fiberization process was compared with the existing basalt fiber to analyze the effect of the similarity of chemical composition on the environmental degradation characteristics and mechanical properties under tensile loading. As a result, the slag filament composites showed lower tensile strength due to the weaker interfacial bonding strength with the epoxy matrix than the basalt filament composites, but the difference in decreased tensile strength rate was not significant. In addition, long-term moisture absorption in fresh water and seawater demonstrated excellent moisture absorption resistance.

Correlation analysis of tensile strength and chemical composition of basalt fiber roving

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2959-2966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lining Ding ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jianxun Liu ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Basalt Fiber

scholarly journals Quality Properties and Pyrolysis Characteristics of Cassava Rhizome Pellets Produced by Alternating between Pelletizing and Torrefaction

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Nitipong Soponpongpipat ◽  
Paisan Comsawang ◽  
Suwat Nanetoe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
The Difference

This work investigated quality properties of pellets of raw cassava rhizome (P-RC), pellets of pelletized cassava rhizome followed by torrefaction (T-CP), and pellets of torrefied cassava rhizome followed by pelletizing (P-TC). Torrefaction was conducted at temperatures of 230, 250, and 280 °C for 30 min. Pyrolysis characteristics of T-CP and P-TC at torrefied temperatures of 230 and 250 °C were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that at the similar torrefied temperature, P-TC had a higher bulk density, energy density, and pellet durability than that of T-CP and P-RC while T-CP had a higher HHV and moisture absorption than P-TC and P-RC. The bulk density of P-TC was 1.13–1.19 and 1.33–1.52 times higher than that of P-RC and T-CP, respectively. The HHV of T-CP was 1.07 and 1.29 times higher than P-TC and P-RC, respectively. The energy density of P-TC was 1.24–1.56 and 1.20–1.41 times higher than that of P-RC and T-CP. In terms of Pellet Fuel Institute (PFI) standard, the durability index of P-RC, P-TC, and T-CP at torrefied temperatures of 230 and 250 °C was acceptable. However, dramatically low and unacceptable durability index was found in case of T-CP at torrefied temperature of 280 °C. The moisture absorption of P-TC was lower than that of P-RC and T-CP. Finally, T-CP had a lower pyrolysis temperature and had a much lower solid yield than that of P-TC. Variation of pyrolysis characteristics indicated the difference in chemical composition between T-CP and P-TC.

Effect of TMT Process on the Strength and Precipitation Behavior of an 11Cr-0.3Mo-1.6W Steel during Long Term Aging

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1565-1568
Author(s):  
Sang Min Song ◽  
Woo Sang Jung ◽  
Suk Woo Hong ◽  
Deuck Seung Bae ◽  
Soon Hyo Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Laves Phase ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Aged Condition ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
The Difference

The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) process on the strength and precipitation behavior of an 11%Cr-0.3Mo-1.6W steel during long term aging was investigated. The major precipitates in as-tempered specimen were identified as M23C6 (M=Fe,Cr) and MX (M=Ta,V;X=C,N). The M23C6 precipitate in TMT sample was more finely distributed due to the increased heterogeneous nucleation sites at dislocations. The tensile strength of TMT sample is higher than that of the conventional heat treatment (CHT) sample in as-tempered condition. However, Laves phase starts to precipitate additionally in the aged condition. The growth rate of Laves phase in TMT sample is much faster than that in CHT sample. Therefore, the difference in tensile strength between CHT and TMT sample decreases as the aging time increases.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubbers with fillers

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Nabil Hayeemasae
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

The reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) with silica or carbon black (CB) by using a semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization system has been carried out. It was found that silica caused a longer in cure time compared to CB and due to the dissimilarity of their surface chemistry, it was also found that silica and CB caused the difference in reinforcement effect to those rubbers. Silica caused in filled-vulcanizates of those rubbers with a higher modulus and lower tensile strength compared to their unfilled ones. On the other hand, CB caused enhancements in both modulus and tensile to those rubbers. The investigation on reinforcing efficiencies of those fillers on the rubbers found that the higher reinforcing efficiency of CB was attributed to its better degree of filler dispersion when compared to silica.

Review on effect of chemical, thermal, additive treatment on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naman Jain ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sakshi Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Corrosive Resistance ◽  
Additive Treatment

AbstractBasalt fiber is emerging out the new reinforcing material for composites. To overcome some of the disadvantages of fibers such as poor bonding to polymers, low thermal stability and high moisture absorption fiber characteristics are modified with chemical, thermal and additive treatments. Chemical treatment corrosive resistance to alkali and acid were investigated which were used to clean and modify the surface of fiber for higher bonding with resins. To improve the thermal stability and reduce moisture uptake thermal treatment such as plasma and non thermal plasma were used which increased the surface roughness and change the chemical composition of surface of basalt fiber. Additive treatment is used to improve the mechanical properties of fibers, in basalt fiber additive treatment was done with SiO2 additive because of its chemical composition which contains major content of SiO2. In present investigation review on the effect of different treatment such as chemical, thermal and additive were studied. Effect of these treatment on chemical composition of the surface of basalt fiber and corrosion to acidic and alkali solution were studied with their effect on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composite.

The Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition on the Strength of Cast Iron Used for Railway Vehicles

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1479-1482
Author(s):  
Young Min Lee ◽  
Yong Huh ◽  
Jae Sil Park ◽  
Chang Sung Seok
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Brake Disk ◽  
Disk Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Si Content

Generally, the shape of graphite and the contents of elements strongly affect the tensile strength of cast iron. In this study, hardness tests and tensile tests for the two types of gray cast iron were carried out. The test results showed the similarity in the hardness but considerable difference in the tensile strength between two materials. Microstructure analysis and chemical analysis were conducted to determine the cause for the difference in the tensile strength between the two types of cast iron. The experimental results showed differences in the microstructure and chemical composition between the two materials. B-type brake disk material(B-type) that had higher tensile strength includes flake, vermicular and spheroidal graphite, whereas A-type brake disk material (A-type) included only flake graphite in the structure. Nodularity of graphite in the B-type was higher than that in the A-type. Also, the B-type had the higher Si content and lower Mn content. In addition, the B-type had Cu, while the A-type did not. Therefore, we concluded that the difference in the strength between the two types of cast iron was due to the difference in the shape of the graphite and the contents of Cu in the cast irons.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Long-Term Performances of SMA-13 Containing Different Fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5145
Author(s):  
Bangwei Wu ◽  
Xing Wu ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Chuangchuang Chen ◽  
Ji Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Temperature Performance

To clarify the influence of fiber type on the long-term performance of stone mastic asphalt (SMA), this paper used basalt fiber (BF) and lignin fiber (LF) to modify SMA-13 (SMA with aggregate nominal maximum particle size of 13.2 mm) asphalt mixture. The pavement performances (high-temperature performance, cracking resistance at low and medium temperature, and water stability) of the two kinds of fiber-reinforced SMA-13 were checked under different aging degrees (unaged, short-term aged and long-term aged), scanning electron microscope (SEM) test was conducted to explain the strengthening mechanism of the fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was used to analyze the changes in the chemical composition of asphalt after aging. The results of the wheel tracking test and uniaxial penetration test showed that the high-temperature performance of the BFSMA-13 (defined as the SMA-13 containing BF) is better than that of the LFSMA-13 (defined as the SMA-13 containing LF) at different aging degrees. The high-temperature performance of BFSMA-13 increases with the increase of the aging degree, while the aging process decreases the high-temperature property of LFSMA-13. The results of the three-point bending test and semi-circular bending (SCB) proved that BFSMA-13 is more capable of deformation and less prone to cracking at low and medium temperatures. The results of the immersion Marshal test indicated that BF can better improve the strength and the water stability of the SMA-13 mixture than LF. The SEM images showed that basalt fibers form a solid three-dimensional network structure in the mixture which could contribute to the strengthening of the mixture. The results of infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) degrades during asphalt mixture aging, and that the chemical composition of asphalt changes more after aging in LFSMA-13 than in BFSMA-13. The conclusions of this study help toward further understanding of the performance changes of the SMA-13 mixture during its service life and to guide the selection of fiber additives for SMA-13 mixtures.

Degradation of basalt FRP bars in alkaline environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Zhishen Wu ◽  
Zhiqiang Dong ◽  
Qiong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Strength Degradation ◽  
Alkaline Environment ◽  
Gfrp Bars ◽  
Original Strength ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper investigates the degradation of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars used for concrete construction in an alkaline environment. The relationships between tensile strength, elastic modulus, shear strength and moisture absorption rate over time are analyzed using a tension test, short-beam test and moisture absorption weighting. The tensile strength degradation of BFRP bars was further compared with that of Glass FRP (GFRP) bars in the literature. The results indicated that BFRP bars exhibit relatively good resistance to alkaline corrosion, maintaining more than 60% of their original strength after 9 weeks at 55°C in an alkaline solution. The moisture absorption of BFRP bars conforms to Fick’s law, which shows that the degradation mechanism is controlled by matrix and related interface degradation. This finding is supported by comparison with the shear strength degradation trend. Compared to GFRP bars under similar alkaline conditions, BFRP bars exhibit a similar degradation rate during the initial phase, but maintain higher tensile strength and strength retention over time.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Effect of silver nitrate on some mechanical properties of heat polymerizing acrylic resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Assiss. Prof. Dr. Sabiha Mahdi Mahdi ◽  
Dr. Firas Abd K. Abd K.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
The Difference

Aim: The aimed study was to evaluate the influence of silver nitrate on surfacehardness and tensile strength of acrylic resins.Materials and methods: A total of 60 specimens were made from heat polymerizingresins. Two mechanical tests were utilized (surface hardness and tensile strength)and 4 experimental groups according to the concentration of silver nitrate used.The specimens without the use of silver nitrate were considered as control. Fortensile strength, all specimens were subjected to force till fracture. For surfacehardness, the specimens were tested via a durometer hardness tester. Allspecimens data were analyzed via ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylic resins reduced significantly thetensile strength. Statistically, highly significant differences were found among allgroups (P≤0.001). Also, the difference between control and experimental groupswas highly significant (P≤0.001). For surface hardness, the silver nitrate improvedthe surface hardness of acrylics. Highly significant differences were statisticallyobserved between control and 900 ppm group (P≤0.001); and among all groups(P≤0.001)with exception that no significant differences between control and150ppm; and between 150ppm and 900ppm groups(P>0.05).Conclusion: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylics reduced significantly the tensilestrength and improved slightly the surface hardness.

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