scholarly journals SPACE–TIME UNCERTAINTY RELATION AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF DIMENSION

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL MAZIASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Planetary Motion ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Perihelion Shift ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Operational Dimension

Operational definition of space–time in light of quantum mechanics and general relativity inevitably indicates an intrinsic imprecision in space–time structure which has to do with space–time dimension as well. The operational dimension of space–time turns out to be a scale dependent quantity slightly smaller than four at distances ≫lP. Close to the Planck length the deviation of space–time dimension from four becomes appreciable. The experimental bounds on the deviation of space–time dimension from four coming from the electron [Formula: see text] factor, Lamb shift in hydrogen atom and the perihelion shift in the planetary motion are still far from the theoretical predictions.

DIMENSION OF SPACE-TIME

1986 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 971-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL SVOZIL ◽  
ANTON ZEILINGER
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Relativistic Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Real Experiment ◽  
Electromagnetic Moment ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Finite Space ◽  
Operational Dimension

In order to make it operationally accessible, it is proposed that the notion of the dimension of space-time be based on measure-theoretic concepts, thus admitting the possibility of noninteger dimensions. It is found then, that the Hausdorff covering procedure is operationally unrealizable because of the inherent finite space-time resolution of any real experiment. We therefore propose to define an operational dimension which, due to the quantum nature of the coverings, is smaller than the idealized Hausdorff dimension. As a consequence of the dimension of space-time less than four, relativistic quantum field theory becomes finite. Also, the radiative corrections of perturbation theory are sensitive on the actual value of the dimension 4–ε. Present experimental results and standard theoretical predictions for the electromagnetic moment of the electron seem to suggest a nonvanishing value for ε.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

“The Unconscious” in Current Psychology

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Definition Of

A series of vignette examples taken from psychological research on motivation, emotion, decision making, and attitudes illustrates how the influence of unconscious processes is often measured in a range of different behaviors. However, the selected studies share an apparent lack of explicit operational definition of what is meant by consciousness, and there seems to be substantial disagreement about the properties of conscious versus unconscious processing: Consciousness is sometimes equated with attention, sometimes with verbal report ability, and sometimes operationalized in terms of behavioral dissociations between different performance measures. Moreover, the examples all seem to share a dichotomous view of conscious and unconscious processes as being qualitatively different. It is suggested that cognitive research on consciousness can help resolve the apparent disagreement about how to define and measure unconscious processing, as is illustrated by a selection of operational definitions and empirical findings from modern cognitive psychology. These empirical findings also point to the existence of intermediate states of conscious awareness, not easily classifiable as either purely conscious or purely unconscious. Recent hypotheses from cognitive psychology, supplemented with models from social, developmental, and clinical psychology, are then presented all of which are compatible with the view of consciousness as a graded rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. Such a view of consciousness would open up for explorations of intermediate states of awareness in addition to more purely conscious or purely unconscious states and thereby increase our understanding of the seemingly “unconscious” aspects of mental life.

An Analysis of the Demand for Reporting on Internal Control

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Hermanson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this study is to analyze the demand for reporting on internal control. Nine financial statement user groups were identified and surveyed to determine whether they agree that: (1) management reports on internal control (MRIC) are useful, (2) MRICs influence decisions, and (3) financial reporting is improved by adding MRICs. In addition, the paper examined whether responses varied based on: (1) the definition of internal control used (manipulated as broad, operational definition vs. narrow, financial-reporting definition) and (2) user group. The results indicate that financial statement users agree that internal controls are important. Respondents agreed that voluntary MRICs improved controls and provided additional information for decision making. Respondents also agreed that mandatory MRICs improved controls, but did not agree about their value for decision making. Using a broad definition of controls, respondents strongly agreed that MRICs improved controls and provided a better indicator of a company's long-term viability. Executive respondents were less likely to agree about the value of MRICs than individual investors and internal auditors.

Shape Dynamics and the Linking Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Mercati
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Line Element ◽  
Hamiltonian Formulation ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Extended Phase Space ◽  
Extended Phase ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Matter Fields

This chapter explains in detail the current Hamiltonian formulation of SD, and the concept of Linking Theory of which (GR) and SD are two complementary gauge-fixings. The physical degrees of freedom of SD are identified, the simple way in which it solves the problem of time and the problem of observables in quantum gravity are explained, and the solution to the problem of constructing a spacetime slab from a solution of SD (and the related definition of physical rods and clocks) is described. Furthermore, the canonical way of coupling matter to SD is introduced, together with the operational definition of four-dimensional line element as an effective background for matter fields. The chapter concludes with two ‘structural’ results obtained in the attempt of finding a construction principle for SD: the concept of ‘symmetry doubling’, related to the BRST formulation of the theory, and the idea of ‘conformogeometrodynamics regained’, that is, to derive the theory as the unique one in the extended phase space of GR that realizes the symmetry doubling idea.

scholarly journals The scale of effect depends on operational definition of forest cover—evidence from terrestrial mammals of the Brazilian savanna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Amiot ◽  
Cyntia Cavalcante Santos ◽  
Damien Arvor ◽  
Beatriz Bellón ◽  
Hervé Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Scale Of Effect ◽  
Definition Of

Space-time structure of auroral radio absorption events observed with the imaging riometer at south pole

Radio Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Hargreaves ◽  
D. L. Detrick ◽  
T. J. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Space Time Structure
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