Advanced Laser and Competing Technologies Easily Explained

10.1142/12529 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schuöcker ◽  
Georg Schuöcker
Keyword(s):  
Competing Technologies

Fuel Cells vs. Competing Technologies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supramanian Srinivasan ◽  
Lakshmi Krishnan ◽  
Andrew B. Bocarsly ◽  
Kan-Lin Hsueh ◽  
Chiou-Chu Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Competing Technologies

Investments of over $1 B have been made for Fuel Cell R&D over the past five decades, for space and terrestrial applications; the latter includes military, residential power and heating, transportation and remote and portable power. The types of fuel cells investigated for these applications are PEMFCs (proton exchange membrane fuel cells), AFCs (alkaline fuel cells), DMFCs (direct methanol fuel cells), PAFCs (phosphoric acid fuel cells), MCFCs (molten carbon fuel cells), SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells). Cell structure, operating principles, and characteristics of each type of fuel cell is briefly compared. The performances of fuel cells vs. competing technologies are analyzed. The key issues are which of these energy conversion systems are technologically advanced and economically favorable and can meet the lifetime, reliability and safety requirements. This paper reviews fuel cells vs. competing technologies in each application category from a scientific and engineering point of view.

R&D of NanoSPD Materials in Ufa via International Cooperation

2008 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha Reshetnikova ◽  
Milyausha R. Salakhova ◽  
Zarema A. Safargalina ◽  
Andrey V. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Nanostructured Metals ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Competing Technologies

This report presents main achievements of international R&D activities of the Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials of Ufa State Aviation Technical University (Ufa, Russia) with a special attention to the innovative potential of nanostructured metals and alloys produced by severe plastic deformation techniques. Several examples of the first promising applications of bulk nanostructured materials as well as potential competing technologies are considered and discussed.

The Diffusion of New Hospital Technologies in the United States

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Certificate Of Need ◽  
Hospital Regulation ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Competing Technologies

Increases in the real resources used in hospital care have been an important cause behind rising hospital costs in the United States. Many of these resources have taken the form of new hospital technologies, and this paper begins by reviewing the trends in adoption of new hospital technologies over the years 1950–1974. The resource requirements, costs, and to the extent possible the patient benefits, of two of these technologies are then discussed in more detail: intensive care, a widespread facility with many variations, has been a major contributor to hospital costs; radiotherapy has been characterized by a succession of competing technologies. Regulatory efforts such as certificate-of-need reviews would be more effective if they viewed hospitals as flexible collections of such technologies—with the costs and patient benefits of each to be weighed separately—rather than primarily in terms of numbers of beds. A national center to collect information on the separate technological functions of hospitals and make it available to interested groups would make a useful contribution to hospital regulation.

A Decision Framework for Decentralized Control of Distributed Processes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Paul Robert Griffin ◽  
Alan Megargel ◽  
Venky R. Shankararaman
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Decision Framework ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
File Transfers ◽  
Distributed Processes ◽  
Distributed Process ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Competing Technologies

A typical example of a distributed process is trade finance where data and documents are transferred between multiple companies including importers, exporters, carriers, and banks. Blockchain is seen as a potential decentralized technology that can be used to automate such processes. However, there are also other competing technologies such as managed file transfers, messaging, and WebAPIs that may also be suitable for automating similar distributed processes. In this chapter, a decision framework is proposed to assist the solution architect in deciding the technology best suited to support decentralized control of a distributed business process where there are multiple companies involved. The framework takes as input the different areas of concern such as data, processing, governance, technical, and the pros and cons of the technologies in addressing these areas of concerns and provides a method to analyze and highlight the best technology for any process in question. Two example processes, trade finance and price distribution, are used to show the application of the framework.

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