Implantation date, growth rate, and allometric relationships in foetal Northwest Atlantic harp seals (Phoca groenlandica)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Chabot ◽  
Garry B Stenson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Using a sample of 150 female and 141 male foetal Northwest Atlantic harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) collected between October and February of 1980-1995, we determined that the allometric relationship between total body mass and standard length did not differ between sexes and did not differ from the relationship calculated for foetal harp seals from the study of Stewart and co-workers (R.E.A. Stewart, B.E. Stewart, D.M. Lavigne, and G.W. Miller. 1989. Can. J. Zool. 67: 2147-2157). Combining the data for foetuses from both studies, the exponent of the mass-length relationship was 2.75, significantly different from 3. Except for very small foetuses (<20 cm) standard length and mass1/2.75 increased linearly as gestation progressed. Equations are provided to estimate standard length and total mass of foetuses in the period August-February and to estimate sculp mass, core mass, and axillary girth from length for the period October-February. The most reliable estimate of implantation date (day 223, 11 August) was obtained by regressing sampling date1/2 on mass1/2.75.

scholarly journals Fat Modulates the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Nonobese Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Marcus ◽  
Diana I. Brixner ◽  
Sameer Ghate ◽  
Paul LaStayo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

It is intuitive to think that sarcopenia should be associated with declines in physical function though recent evidence questions this assertion. This study investigated the relationship between absolute and relative sarcopenia, with physical performance in 202 nonobese (mean BMI=26.6 kg/ht2) community-dwelling older (mean age =73.8±5.9years) adults. While absolute sarcopenia (appendicular skeletal mass (ASM)/ht2) was either not associated, or weakly associated with physical performance, relative sarcopenia (ASM/kg) demonstrated moderate (r=0.31tor=0.51,P<0.01) relationships with performance outcomes in both males and females. Knee extension strength (r=0.27) and leg extension power (r=0.41) were both related to absolute sarcopenia (P<0.001) in females and not in males. Strength and power were associated with relative sarcopenia in both sexes (fromr=0.47tor=0.67, P<0.001). The ratio of lean mass to total body mass, that is, relative sarcopenia, is an important consideration relative to physical function in older adults even in the absence of obesity. Stratifying these individuals into equal tertiles of total body fat revealed a trend of diminished regression coefficients across each incrementally higher fat grouping for performance measures, providing further evidence that total body fat modulates the relationship between sarcopenia and physical function.

Food consumption of wintering harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, in the St. Lawrence estuary, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Murie ◽  
D. M. Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Diet composition and rates of food consumption were determined for 25 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) wintering in the St. Lawrence estuary, Canada, in January and February 1983. Capelin (Mallotus villosus) was the predominant food item in stomachs (100% frequency of occurrence, 86% numerical abundance, 77% mass, 86% gross energy). Juvenile harp seals (mean mass = 64 ± 12 kg, n = 8) consumed 2.0 ± 0.6% of their total mass or 4.2 ± 1.4% of their core mass in fish daily, from which they obtained 3065 ± 1096 kcal∙d−1. Mature harp seals (mean mass = 134 ± 28 kg, n = 17) consumed fish equivalent to 1.8 ± 1.0% of total body mass or 3.6 ± 2.1% of core body mass and acquired 5226 ± 2700 kcal∙d−1. Food consumption did not vary with sex or maturity status when adjusted for differences in body size (analysis of covariance, P > 0.30).

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Skeletal Mass and Total Body Mass in Birds

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0141794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Martin-Silverstone ◽  
Orsolya Vincze ◽  
Ria McCann ◽  
Carl H. W. Jonsson ◽  
Colin Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Resting IL-6 and TNF-α Level in Children of Different Weight and Fitness Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hosick ◽  
Robert G. McMurray ◽  
A.C. Hackney ◽  
Claudio L. Battaglini ◽  
Terry P. Combs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Α Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Subjects

Reports suggest children with high aerobic fitness (VO2max; mL/kg/min) have healthier profiles of TNF-α and IL-6; however, research has not accounted for differences in adiposity between high-fit and low-fit individuals. Thus, this study examined differences in inflammatory markers of obese and normal weight children of different fitness levels, using two different VO2max units: per unit of fat free mass (VO2FFM) or total body mass (VO2kg). Children (n = 124; ages 8–12) were divided into four matched groups; normal weight high-fit (NH), normal weight low-fit (NL), obese high-fit (OH), and obese low-fit (OL). Height, weight, skinfolds, body mass index (BMI), and predicted VO2max were measured and a morning, fasting blood sample taken. IL-6 was elevated in the NL and OL groups compared with the NH group, as well as the OL group compared with the OH group. No differences were found in TNF-α. The relationship between IL-6 or TNF-α and the two units of predicted VO2max did not differ suggesting that either VO2FFM or VO2kg can be used to describe aerobic power when studying inflammation and exercise in youth. The relationship between IL-6 or TNF-α and predicted VO2max, whether expressed per mass or per fat-free mass was similar, suggesting that both can be used to describe aerobic power when studying inflammation and exercise in youth. Given the polar design of this study, this relationship should be confirmed including overweight subjects.

Evaluation of Body Condition in the Northwest Atlantic Harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1372-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Gilpin Beck ◽  
Thomas G. Smith ◽  
Michael O. Hammill
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Body Component ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dorsal Position

We evaluated body condition in 315 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) obtained between 1988 and 1991. Total percent lipid of blubber did not vary between the five body sites and three depths sampled. In nine winter specimens, blubber, carcass, viscera, and skin contributed 89.5, 8.7, 0.9, and 0.9% of total body lipid. Pregnant females in winter had higher percent lipid in muscle than males, but no difference was observed in percent lipid in liver or blubber or in liver mass. Those females obtained 1 mo postpartum had the highest percent lipid in muscle and liver, the heaviest livers, but the lowest blubber lipid content. Sculp mass (skin with attached blubber) increased from autumn through late winter, with pregnant females having heavier sculps than males in winter. Both sculp and core mass varied on a seasonal and annual basis in males and females. Blubber was most variable dorsally between 40 and 70% of length, measured from the snout, and thickest at 50%, coincident with the position of maximum girth. Blubber thickness measured over the sternum was significantly less variable than at the 50% dorsal position. The direct measurements of body component masses may be necessary to detect subtle differences in body condition.

Neonatal growth and organ allometry of Northwest Atlantic harp seals (Phoca groenlandica)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2793-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit M. Kovacs ◽  
D. M. Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Spleen Mass

Growth and organ allometry of neonatal harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) were monitored during the first 6 weeks of life from 1982 to 1984. At birth, pup mass was 9.9 ± 1.7 (1 SD) kg. After their 1st day of relatively slow growth, pups gained mass rapidly, increasing 2 kg/day throughout the remainder of the ~12-day nursing period. Two-thirds of this mass gain was accumulated as a layer of subcutaneous blubber. Pups lost mass at a rate of ~0.5 kg/day during the postweaning fast, utilizing energy stores from the viscera, muscles, and limited amounts of blubber. In neonates, liver mass fluctuated in conjunction with total body mass gain and loss. The liver of adult harp seals was large relative to terrestrial mammals of similar size, but relatively small compared with other pinnipeds. The heart of harp seals grew slowly in pups and did not lose mass during fasting, and in adults it was of similar size relative to other mammals. The spleen of neonates was large and grew quickly during nursing. Spleen mass was quite variable among postweaning animals. As would be expected for a large-sized, precocially born, relatively advanced mammalian neonate, pups are born with large brains that grow very slowly. Adult brain mass, in relation to body mass, was similar to that of other mammals.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Initial Tacrolimus Metabolism Rate and Recipients Body Composition in Kidney Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5793
Author(s):  
Aureliusz Kolonko ◽  
Patrycja Pokora ◽  
Natalia Słabiak-Błaż ◽  
Beata Czerwieńska ◽  
Henryk Karkoszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tacrolimus Concentration ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

There are several premises that the body composition of kidney transplant recipients may play a role in tacrolimus metabolism early after transplantation. The present study aimed at analyzing the relationship between the body composition parameters assessed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and initial tacrolimus metabolism. Immediately prior to transplantation, BIA using InBody 770 device was performed in 122 subjects. Tacrolimus concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio was calculated based on the first blood trough level measurement. There was no difference in phase angle, visceral fat area, lean body mass index (LBMI) and the proportion of lean mass as a percentage of total body mass between the subgroups of slow and fast metabolizers. However, subjects with LBMI ≥ median value of 18.7 kg/m2, despite similar initial tacrolimus dose per kg of body weight, were characterized by a significantly lower tacrolimus C/D ratio (median 1.39 vs. 1.67, respectively; p < 0.05) in comparison with the subgroup of lower LBMI. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that age (rpartial = 0.322; p < 0.001) and LBMI (rpartial = −0.254; p < 0.01) independently influenced the tacrolimus C/D ratio. A LBMI assessed by BIA may influence the tacrolimus metabolism in the early post-transplant period and can be a useful in the optimization of initial tacrolimus dosing.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

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