scholarly journals Experimental infections of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and domestic sheep with Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): parasite development, population structure, and pathology

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Kutz ◽  
E P Hoberg ◽  
L Polley
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Development ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Lung Cysts ◽  
Pulmonary Cysts ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis

Three captive muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) were successfully infected with third-stage larvae of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis digested or emerged from the slugs Deroceras reticulatum and D. laeve, for the first time completing the life cycle of this parasite under experimental conditions. The course of parasite development and patency was followed for 26 months post infection (p.i.) using fecal examinations and radiography. The prepatent periods in two of the muskoxen were 91 and 95 days and the patent period in one extended for 23 months. Larval production peaked 13-14 months p.i. On postmortem of two of the muskoxen at months 14 and 26 p.i., adult parasites were found only within pulmonary cysts and cysts were randomly distributed between left and right lungs. Cyst dimensions were positively correlated with the number of adult parasites they contained. On postmortem of the third muskox at day 97 p.i., not all adult parasites were within typical cysts; two were found free in interlobular septa. First-stage larvae were recovered from lung cysts of this animal but not from feces. Lung pathology in all three muskoxen appeared localized and associated with the adult nematodes. Infection of two sheep with third-stage larvae of U. pallikuukensis did not result in parasite establishment.

scholarly journals Development of the muskox lungworm, Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis (Protostrongylidae), in gastropods in the Arctic

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1977-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Kutz ◽  
Eric P Hoberg ◽  
John Nishi ◽  
Lydden Polley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis

Development of the muskox protostrongylid lungworm, Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis, in its slug intermediate host, Deroceras laeve, was investigated under field conditions in the Arctic. Every 2 weeks, from 19 June to 28 August 1997, groups of 10 experimentally infected slugs were placed in tundra enclosures in a mesic sedge meadow near Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada. First-stage larvae (L1) infecting slugs on or before 17 July developed to third-stage larvae (L3) in 4–6 weeks. Intensity of L3 in slugs peaked at 6–8 weeks post infection (PI) and then progressively declined by 10, 12, and 48–50 weeks PI. Abundance of L3 in slugs was greatest during mid to late August. L1 infecting slugs on 31 July or later did not develop to L3 before the end of September but overwintered in slugs on the tundra as L1 or as second-stage larvae, completing development to L3 the following summer. The years 1997 and 1998 were exceptionally warm and, in cooler years, rates of larval development may be slower and patterns of availability may differ. The amount of heating (degree-days) accumulated during each trial was calculated using the 8.5°C threshold determined in the laboratory, a 21°C maximum, and either surface, soil, or air temperature. Only degree-days accumulated at the surface were sufficient to correspond to the observed rates of larval development. This enclosure-based system and associated degree-day calculations may be used for predicting the effects of climate and climate change on patterns of parasite development and transmission in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Structural alteration of lung parenchyma in patients with NF1: a phenotyping study using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Avanesov ◽  
Lennart Well ◽  
Azien Laqmani ◽  
Thorsten Derlin ◽  
Vincent M. Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Pulmonary Cysts

Abstract Background Diffuse interstitial lung disease have been described in Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but its diversity and prevalence remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of (NF1)-associated lung manifestations in a large single-center study using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to evaluate the smoking history, patients’ age, genetics, and the presence of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) as potential influencing factors for lung pathologies. Methods In this retrospective study, 71 patients with NF1 were evaluated for the presence of distinctive lung manifestations like reticulations, consolidations, type of emphysema, pulmonary nodules and cysts. All patients underwent F-18-FDG PET/CT scans, which were reviewed by two experienced radiologists in consensus. Patients’ subgroups were formed based on their smoking history (current smokers/previous smokers/never smokers), age (< 12 years, 12–18 years, > 18 years), and presence of MPNST (MPNST/no MPNST). In 57 patients (80%), genetic analysis of sequences coding for the neurofibromin on chromosome 17 was performed, which was correlated with different lung pathologies. Results Among all NF1 patients (33 ± 14 years, 56% females), 17 patients (24%) were current smokers and 62 patients (87%) were > 18 years old. Pulmonary cysts, nodules, and paraseptal emphysema were the most common pulmonary findings (35%, 32%, 30%). The presence of pulmonary metastases, MPNST and centrilobular emphysema was associated with smoking. Cysts were observed only in adults, whereas no significant correlation between age and all other pulmonary findings was found (p > 0.05). Presence of MPNST was accompanied by higher rates of intrapulmonary nodules and pulmonary metastasis. Neither the presence nor absence of any of the specific gene mutations was associated with any particular lung pathology (p > 0.05). Conclusions All pulmonary findings in NF1 patients occurred independently from specific mutation subtypes, suggesting that many NF1 mutations can cause various pulmonary pathologies. The presence of pulmonary metastases, MPNST and centrilobular emphysema was associated with smoking, indicating the value of smoking secession or the advice not to start smoking in NF1 patients as preventive strategy for clinicians. For screening of pulmonary manifestations in NF1 patients, an MDCT besides medical history and physical examination is mandatory in clinical routine.

Dispersion of TiO2 Nanotubes in a Chitosan Matrix

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (63) ◽  
pp. 3805-3810
Author(s):  
B. Núñez Mendoza ◽  
S.R. Vasquez-García ◽  
N. Flores-Ramírez ◽  
J. L. Rico ◽  
L. Zamora Peredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Titanium Foils

ABSTRACTThis work presents the synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanotubes (NTT) with chitosan (CS). In a first stage, electrochemical anodization of titanium foils was used to generate NTT in a membrane-type arrangement. From these experiments, suitable experimental conditions were selected. In a second stage, the synthesized NTT were detached from the titanium foils by sonication. In the third stage, the detached NTT were dispersed in an acid solution containing CS in various concentrations. Finally, the nanotubes-chitosan (NTT/CS) samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Our results showed that the NTT presented very regular tube morphology with -OH and Ti-O- functional groups on the surface. The interaction of NTT and chitosan was enhanced by increasing the time of contact during the synthesis of the titanium composites.

scholarly journals Rapidly Progressive Lung Cysts and Pleural Effusion: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Olsen ◽  
Charlene Molloy ◽  
P. S. Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Lung Cysts ◽  
Pulmonary Cysts ◽  
Thin Walled

Angiosarcoma is a rare but highly malignant tumor arising from vascular endothelial cells. Angiosarcoma commonly arises from the heart, liver, breast, and skin including the scalp. Angiosarcoma metastasizing to the lungs can present as either pneumothorax, hemothorax, or pleural effusions. They can rarely present as rapidly enlarging thin-walled pulmonary cysts. A review of the literature is included.

scholarly journals Identification of a nuclear receptor/coactivator developmental signaling pathway in the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. e2021864118
Author(s):  
Mi Cheong Cheong ◽  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Tegegn G. Jaleta ◽  
Xinshe Li ◽  
James B. Lok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Coactivator ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Infectious Stage

DAF-12 is nematode-specific nuclear receptor that has been proposed to govern development of the infectious stage of parasitic species, including Strongyloides stercoralis. Here, we identified a parasite-specific coactivator, called DAF-12 interacting protein-1 (DIP-1), that is required for DAF-12 ligand-dependent transcriptional activity. DIP-1 is found only in Strongyloides spp. and selectively interacts with DAF-12 through an atypical receptor binding motif. Using CRISPR/Cas9-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that DAF-12 is required for the requisite developmental arrest and the ligand-dependent reactivation of infectious S. stercoralis infective third-stage larvae, and that these effects require the DIP-1 coactivator. These studies reveal the existence of a distinct nuclear receptor/coactivator signaling pathway that governs parasite development.

scholarly journals Comparison of Passively Transferred Antibodies in Bighorn and Domestic Lambs Reveals One Factor in Differential Susceptibility of These Species to Mannheimia haemolytica-Induced Pneumonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline N. Herndon ◽  
Sudarvili Shanthalingam ◽  
Donald P. Knowles ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Subramaniam Srikumaran
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impaired Ability

ABSTRACTMannheimia haemolyticaconsistently causes fatal bronchopneumonia in bighorn sheep (BHS;Ovis canadensis) under natural and experimental conditions. Leukotoxin is the primary virulence factor of this organism. BHS are more susceptible to developing fatal pneumonia than the related speciesOvis aries(domestic sheep [DS]). In BHS herds affected by pneumonia, lamb recruitment is severely impaired for years subsequent to an outbreak. We hypothesized that a lack of maternally derived antibodies (Abs) againstM. haemolyticaprovides an immunologic basis for enhanced susceptibility of BH lambs to population-limiting pneumonia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the titers of Abs directed againstM. haemolyticain the sera of BH and domestic lambs at birth through 12 weeks of age. Results revealed that BH lambs had approximately 18-fold lower titers of Ab against surface antigens ofM. haemolyticaand approximately 20-fold lower titers of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs than domestic lambs. The titers of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs in the serum and colostrum samples of BH ewes were approximately 157- and 50-fold lower than those for domestic ewes, respectively. Comparatively, the higher titers of parainfluenza 3 virus-neutralizing Abs in the BH lambs ruled out the possibility that these BHS had an impaired ability to passively transfer Abs to their lambs. These results suggest that lower levels of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs in the sera of BH ewes, and resultant low Ab titers in their lambs, may be a critical factor in the poor lamb recruitment in herds affected by pneumonia.

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) from muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, in the central Canadian Arctic, with comments on biology and biogeography

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2266-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Hoberg ◽  
L. Polley ◽  
A. Gunn ◽  
J. S. Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Holarctic Region ◽  
Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Larval Parasites

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystocaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include well-defined cysts dispersed through the lung tissue (maximum diameter 40 mm) containing adult and larval parasites in a dense matrix. Transmission involves a molluscan intermediate host, as indicated by experimental infections in the slug Deroceras reticulatum. The parasite is apparently restricted in its geographic distribution and has been found only in a population of muskoxen northwest of Coppermine, N.W.T. This may be indicative of a relictual host–parasite assemblage that has existed since the Pleistocene. The pathogenicity, high prevalence, and intensity of infection in the Coppermine herd suggest that the occurrence of U. pallikuukensis has implications for the management of muskoxen in the Holarctic region.

scholarly journals Experimental life cycle of Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulcinéa Maria Barbosa Campos ◽  
Lindomar G. Freire Filha ◽  
Miguel Alípio Vieira ◽  
Julieta Machado Paçô ◽  
Moacir A. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Skeletal Musculature ◽  
Third Stage

The life cycle of Lagochilascaris minor was studied using material collected from human lesion and applying the experimental model: rodents (mice, hamsters), and carnivorae (cats, dogs). In mice given infective eggs, orally, hatch of the third stage larvae was noted in the gut wall, with migration to liver, lungs, skeletal musculature and subcutaneous tissue becoming, soon after, encysted. In cats infected with skinned carcasses of mice (60 to 235 days of infection) it was observed: hatch of third stage larvae from the nodules (cysts) in the stomach, migration through the oesophagus, pharynx, trachea, related tissues (rhino-oropharynx), and cervical lymphonodes developing to the mature stage in any of these sites on days 9-20 post inoculation (P.I.). There was no parasite development up to the mature stage in cats inoculated orally with infective eggs, which indicates that the life cycle of this parasite includes an obligatory intermediate host. In one of the cats (fed carcass of infected mice) necropsied on day 43 P.I., it was observed the occurence of the self-infective cycle of L. minor in the lung tissues and in the cervical region which was characterized by the finding of eggs in different stages of development, third stage larvae and mature worms. It's believed that some component of the carnivorae gastrointestinal tracts may preclude the development of third stage larvae from L. minor eggs what explains the interruption of the life cycle in animals fed infective eggs. It's also pointed out the role of the intermediate host in the first stages of the life cycle of this helminth.

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