Field metabolic rate of wild turkeys in winter

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
R N Coup ◽  
P J Pekins
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Wild Turkeys ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Activity Costs

We investigated the winter bioenergetics of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo sylvestris) by measuring standard metabolic rate (SMR) and existence metabolism (EM) of captive turkeys and field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-ranging turkeys. Mean SMR and EM were 0.511 ± 0.040 mL O2·g-1·h-1 and 499.7 ± 17.7 kJ·kg body mass-0.734·d-1 (mean ± SE) as measured by indirect respirometry and food consumption, respectively. FMR was measured with doubly labeled water and was 10.5% higher in juvenile (0.976 ± 0.039 L CO2·kg-0.734·h-1) than adult turkeys (0.883 ± 0.034 L CO2·kg-0.734·h-1); their FMR:SMR ratios were 1.74 and 1.58, respectively. Juvenile turkeys weighed less and had less body fat (13.5%) than adults (18.9%). Mean FMR was lowest in 1996, when ground forage was unavailable and weather was more windy and cold than in 1995, when ground forage was available and the turkeys' activity and range were greater. Turkeys reduced FMR in 1996 by restricting movement and range, and using proximate shelter and supplemental food. We predict that juvenile turkeys are at an energetic disadvantage when food availability is restricted because of their higher FMR, lower body and fat masses, and higher activity costs than adults.

Flight Energetics of Free-Living Sooty Terns

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Flint ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Flight Energetics ◽  
Flight Metabolism ◽  
Sooty Tern ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract The CO2 production of free-ranging Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) was measured using doubly labeled water (HTO-18). Metabolic rate during flight was determined to be 4.8 times standard metabolic rate (SMR). This value is much lower than estimates of flight metabolism predicted from previously published equations. Observations of these birds at sea indicate that flapping flight predominated at the windspeeds (0-5 m/s) that prevailed during our measurement periods, so factors other than gliding must account for the comparatively low flight metabolism we measured. Sooty Tern flight metabolism is similar to that of some other birds, such as swallows and swifts, that also have high aspect ratios and low wing loadings.

Survival and cause-specific mortality of the female eastern wild turkey at its northern range edge

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britney Niedzielski ◽  
Jeff Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wild Turkey ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
The North ◽  
Wild Turkeys ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Context In an era of rapid environmental change, many species are shifting their distributions. As temperate-zone species’ expand their ranges north, different and potentially severe limiting factors may begin to affect their ability to survive and reproduce. The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is one example of a species undergoing rapid northern expansion. Aims An improved understanding of wild turkey demography at the species’ northern range periphery would facilitate effective management of this important game species. Therefore, we undertook a study to evaluate survival, causes of mortality, and behavioural strategies that may govern survival of female wild turkeys. Methods We captured 53 female wild turkeys, and used backpack transmitters to monitor their individual fates during 2012–13. Key results The annual survival estimate was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.25–0.55), with the lowest seasonal survival in the winter. The most frequent cause of mortality was mammalian predation, predominately by coyotes (Canis latrans). Age, proximity to supplemental food, and habitat use did not affect risk of mortality. Conclusions Northern wild turkeys in our study exhibited lower survival and suffered higher predation than did populations in the species’ historic range. Despite our findings, the wild turkey has expanded its range northwards and continues to exist in these peripheral areas. This may be due to high productivity or a source–sink dynamic, whereby high mortality is offset by immigration from the south. Implications The low survival and high predation of wild turkeys in the north must be considered when developing management strategies, particularly if interest exists in translocating turkeys farther north. Further research is needed to better understand whether northern turkey populations persist as sinks.

Aspects of the Use of Den Trees by Arboreal and Scansorial Marsupials Inhabiting Montane Ash Forests in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Lindenmayer ◽  
RB Cunningham ◽  
MT Tanton ◽  
HA Nix
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Selection Of

The time and height of emergence from den trees occupied by various species of arboreal marsupials inhabiting the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, in south-east Australia, were recorded from September 1988 to January 1989. There were significant differences in emergence time among most species of arboreal marsupials. Emergence time was strongly correlated with published values of body weight, field metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate. The entrance to the nest was higher in gliding species than those which are non-volant. Small species exhibited a significant preference for den sites with a hole as the entrance. The entrance of a den occupied by large species was typically a hole in a hollow branch or spout. The selection of den sites was related to the body size of the occupant. Differences in the type and height of the entrance to the nest, together with the time of emergence from the den, indicate partitioning of the nest tree resource between the various species inhabiting montane ash forests.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MYCOPLASMA AND EIMERIA SPECIES IN FREE-RANGING EASTERN WILD TURKEYS (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO SILVESTRIS) IN ONTARIO, CANADA

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. MacDonald ◽  
Claire M. Jardine ◽  
Evelin Rejman ◽  
John R. Barta ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo Silvestris ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Wild Turkeys ◽  
Free Ranging

Water and energy balance of the thorny devil Moloch horridus: is the devil a sloth?

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Bradshaw ◽  
P.C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractRates of turnover of water, energy and sodium were measured for free-ranging thorny devils (Moloch horridus), which are myrmecophagous agamid lizards, in a semi-arid Western Australian habitat. There were significant differences in body water content and water turnover rate (WTR) measurements for cool, wet, average and hot periods, although the field metabolic rate (FMR) and sodium turnover (NaTR) rate did not differ significantly between weather conditions. The thorny devil had a substantially lower field WTR during dry periods (10-15 ml kg-1 d-1) than expected for semi-arid and arid lizards, although the WTR was higher in wet conditions (30-35 ml kg-1 d-1). The field metabolic rate of thorny devils (0.134 ml CO2 g-1 h-1) was only slightly less than that expected for a semi-arid/lizard (0.178 ml CO2 g-1 h-1), despite the apparently slothful nature of the thorny devil. The sodium turnover rate of the thorny devil (1.5-2.5 mmol kg-1 d-1) was within the range reported for other semi-arid/arid lizards. The field metabolic rate of the thorny devils suggests that they consume about 750 ants per day. The ratio of water to energy turnover measured for thorny devils in the field (0.11 ml H2O kj-1) was the same as that predicted from the composition of ants and their digestibility by thorny devils (0.11 ml H2O kj-1). However, the ratios of sodium-to-energy turnover (30 μmol Na+ kj-1) and sodium-to-water turnover (277 μmol ml H2O-1) were substantially higher than expected ratios (10 and 89 respectively).

scholarly journals Daily Energy Expenditure of Nestling Bald Eagles in Northern Wisconsin

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Dykstra ◽  
William H. Karasov ◽  
Michael W. Meyer ◽  
D. Keith Warnke
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Measured Field ◽  
Mass Field

Abstract We measured field metabolic rate of nestling Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in northern Wisconsin, using doubly-labeled water. In inland northern Wisconsin and along the Wisconsin Lake Superior shore, eaglets aged 39–60 days, weighing 3.08–4.85 kg, expended an average of 2,427 ± 100 kJ day−1. Nestling field metabolic rate was weakly correlated with nestling age, but not with mass. Field metabolic rate of eaglets can be used to estimate the biomass of food that adult eagles must provide from their environment, a datum that is important for determination of habitat suitability.

Field metabolic rate of blue grouse during winter

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Pekins ◽  
James A. Gessaman ◽  
Frederick G. Lindzey
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Energetic Constraint ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Reduced Activity

We measured the field metabolic rate (FMR) of seven free-ranging and two captive blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) with doubly labeled water. Average carbon dioxide production (1.016 ± 0.088 L CO2∙kg−0.734∙h−1) of free-ranging grouse was 8% higher but not significantly different (P < 0.05) from captive grouse (0.944 ± 0.058 L CO2∙kg−0.734∙h−1). Ambient temperature was not correlated with FMR (P = 0.268). The mean fat content of free-ranging blue grouse was 39 g (3.4%), which was equal to the energy equivalent of about 3× daily standard metabolie rate (SMR). The FMR of free-ranging grouse averaged 657 ± 62 kJ/d or 1.6 × SMR. The FMRs of free-ranging blue grouse averaged about 25% below FMRs predicted from allometric equations; most were 35–40% below those predicted. We suggest that there is little energetic constraint on blue grouse during winter because they are able to maintain a positive energy balance by minimizing energy costs through effective thermoregulation, microhabitat selection, and reduced activity.

Field-Testing a Standard Metabolic Rate Estimation Technique for Eastern Red-Backed Salamanders

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Patrick J Ruhl ◽  
Robert N Chapman ◽  
John B. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Rate Estimation
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