Testing the intergenerational conflict hypothesis: factors affecting adoptions in Audouin's gulls, Larus audouinii

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oro ◽  
Meritxell Genovart
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Intergenerational Conflict ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Larus Audouinii

We studied chick adoption in Audouin's gull, Larus audouinii, a ground-nesting seabird, to test several predictions made by the intergenerational-conflict hypothesis (ICH). The effects of food availability on adoptions were considered by comparing two breeding seasons with differing food supply. As predicted, adoptions were significantly more frequent when food was in shorter supply (48% of broods affected) than when it was more available (18.5%). Adoptions occurred during the first week of the chick-rearing stage; after that, aggression by adults towards intruding chicks increased significantly, which suggests that mechanisms of parent-offspring recognition were established. Foster parents incurred certain costs, since their offspring had lower chances of survival than those in control broods. However, contrary to the ICH hypothesis, adoptees did not select foster broods in relation to the age of the resident chicks. Survival of wandering chicks was no higher than that of chicks who stayed in their natal brood. Results suggest that chicks move only as a response to neighboring chicks being fed by an adult, and in Audouin's gulls, adoptions might be considered reproductive errors.

scholarly journals From Denmark to Delhi: the multisectoral challenge of regulatingtransfats in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna M Downs ◽  
Anne Marie Thow ◽  
Suparna Ghosh-Jerath ◽  
Justin McNab ◽  
K Srinath Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

AbstractObjectiveIndia has proposed legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and mandatingtransfat labelling in an effort to reduce intakes. The objective of the present study was to examine the complexities of regulatingtransfat in India by examining the policy processes involved and the perceived implementation challenges.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n18) were conducted with key informants from various sectors. Interviewees were asked about sources oftransfat in the food supply, existing policies that may influencetransfats and perceived challenges related to the proposedtransfat regulation, in addition to questions tailored to their area of expertise. Interview data were organised based on common themes.SettingInterviews were conducted in India.SubjectsInterviewees were key informants from various sectors including agriculture, trade, industry and health.ResultsSeveral themes were identified related to the complexity of regulatingtransfat in India. A lack oftransfat awareness, the large unorganised retail sector, a need for suitable alternative products that are both acceptable to consumers and affordable, and a need to build capacity were crucial factors affecting India's ability to successfully regulatetransfat. The limited number of food inspectors will create an additional challenge in terms of enforcement oftransfat regulation.ConclusionsAlthough India will face challenges in regulatingtransfat, legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils will likely be the most effective approach to reducing it in the food supply. Ongoing engagement with industry, agriculture, trade and processing sectors will prove essential in terms of product reformulation.

Factors affecting the diffusion of traceability practices in an imported fresh produce supply chain in China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yi ◽  
Phil Bremer ◽  
Damien Mather ◽  
Miranda Mirosa
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Food Recalls

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to facilitate the successful adoption of traceability technologies, such as blockchain, into food supply chains and facilitate the understanding of the barriers and enablers to their uptake by channel members' needs so that appropriate enabling strategy can be put in place.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, an integrated framework involving five components was used as the methodology: (1) diffusion of innovation theory, (2) the innovation concept, (3) the business structure-conduct-performance paradigm, (4) legitimacy and (5) trust was developed and assessed for validity through interviewing 21 channel members, including distributors, wholesalers, Internet retailers and traditional retailers associated with a global fresh produce company's supply chain in China.FindingsBarriers negatively framing channel members' attitudes and decisions included a perceived lack of need owing to fresh produce having a short shelf life and being of low value and risk. However, the importance of traceability and the need for effective food recalls were not always understood among channel members, and distributed trust innovations were also suppressed by their lack of compatibility with the Chinese hierarchical culture.Originality/valueTo date, channel members' perception of innovations in food supply chains has not been considered in light of the components proposed in the integrated framework. The adapted framework used in this study ensured a comprehensive assessment of channel members' attitude and motivations toward traceability practices.

Factors affecting wing molt chronology of female mallards

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Leafloor ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breeding Seasons

We manipulated nest success of captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during two breeding seasons to determine the effects of different breeding events on the timing of wing molt initiation in females. We also studied the effect of different social environments during the postbreeding period on female wing molt chronology. Late (renesting) brood hens molted their remiges later than did early brood hens in both years of the study. Unsuccessful nesters showed a late, asynchronous wing molt when they molted solitarily, but an early, synchronous wing molt when they were placed together during the postbreeding period. There was a positive relationship between the last date of incubation and the date of wing molt initiation when birds were placed in a group after the breeding period. Social environment appeared to influence the timing of wing molt, particularly among unsuccessful nesters. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of postbreeding mortality factors and potential fall banding bias.

Variation in breeding success in Wilson's storm petrels: influence of environmental factors

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Quillfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The climatic and sea ice conditions of the Southern Ocean are highly variable within and between years, and a better understanding of the influence of climatic conditions on the various parts of the marine food chain is needed. This paper summarizes data on breeding success of a krill-dependent predator, the Wilson's storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus, in a colony on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, over four breeding seasons from 1995/1996 to 1999/2000. The seasons differed greatly in environmental conditions and in the resulting food availability which was reflected in inter- and intra-annual variations in feeding frequency. The breeding success was consequently variable. Starvation, the main cause of chick mortality in three out of four breeding seasons was associated with reduced sea ice cover in winter, which is known to depress food availability in the following breeding season. Food delivery rates also depended on the prevailing winds, which drive the transport of zooplankton-rich water masses. Snowstorms caused additional chick mortality in two out of four seasons when nest burrows became blocked. Implications for the use of Wilson's storm petrels for monitoring of krill are considered.

Food availability and nest predation influence life history traits in Audouin's gull, Larus audouinii

Oecologia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oro ◽  
Roger Pradel ◽  
Jean-Dominique Lebreton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larus Audouinii

Differences in growth rate, body condition, habitat use and food availability between island and mainland lizard populations ofAnolis nebulosusin Jalisco, Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Hugo Siliceo-Cantero ◽  
Andrés García
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Continental Population ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract:Lizards of the genusAnolishave been widely studied, however, little is known about the effects of environmental seasonality, food availability and geographic isolation on body condition, growth rate and habitat use of lizards. The existence of an insular and a continental population ofAnolis nebulosus(clouded anole), separated by only 0.47 km, represents an ideal opportunity to address this topic. We compared seasonal fluctuations in food availability (arthropod density) for anoles, as well as body condition, growth rate and habitat use in the two populations. Food availability throughout the year was sampled every 2 mo by trapping arthropods at each site. Lizards were also monitored and measured every 2 mo by surveying three quadrats in each site over 2 y giving a total of 30 visits for each quadrat. Results suggested that composition and density of food supply was similar for the two populations. Nevertheless, food supply responded to seasonality of rainfall, with an increase of 1.5 times during the rainy season. Despite similarity in food availability, insular anoles had body condition that was 5–10 times better, with growth rate twice as fast, and used similar perches. The role of predation, and inter- and intraspecific competition are discussed as possible drivers.

scholarly journals Socio-pedagogical factors of interaction in the substitute family

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Galina Solomatina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foster Child ◽  
Foster Family ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Birth Family

This article is dedicated to one of the current problems of our time – research of factors affecting relations of foster family members. External factors (deprivation conditions of parenting prior to acceptance of a child into foster family, experienced violence in the birth family, difficulties in school educational process, bilingual environment) as well as internal factors (organic diseases of CNS of a foster child, level of education and cultural values of foster parents, personal aspects and qualities of a foster child and foster parents); such factors cause problems in engagement and relations in a foster family. Proficiency in these factors study are beneficial in functional build-up of family relationship.

scholarly journals Backpack-mounted satellite transmitters do not affect reproductive performance in a migratory bustard

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Burnside ◽  
João L. Guilherme ◽  
Nigel J. Collar ◽  
Paul M. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Chick Survival ◽  
Life History Parameter ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Satellite Transmitters ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Lay Date ◽  
Ground Nesting

AbstractBackpack-mounted satellite transmitters (PTTs) are used extensively in the study of avian habitat use and of the movements and demography of medium- to large-bodied species, but can affect individuals’ performance and fitness. Transparent assessment of potential transmitter effects is important for both ethical accountability and confidence in, or adjustment to, life history parameter estimates. We assessed the influence of transmitters on seven reproductive parameters in Asian houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii, comparing 114 nests of 38 females carrying PTTs to 184 nests of untagged birds (non-PTT) over seven breeding seasons (2012–2018) in Uzbekistan. There was no evidence of any influence of PTTs on: lay date (non-PTT x̅ = 91.7 Julian day ± 12.3 SD; PTT x̅ = 95.1 Julian day ± 15.7 SD); clutch size (non-PTT x̅= 3.30 ± 0.68 SD; PTT x̅ = 3.25 ± 0.65 SD); mean egg weight at laying (non-PTT x̅ = 66.1 g ± 5.4 SD; PTT x̅ = 66.4 g ± 5.4 SD); nest success (non-PTT x̅ = 57.08% ± 4.3 SE; PTT x̅ = 58.24% ± 4.5 SE for nests started 2 April); egg hatchability (non-PTT x̅ = 88.3% ± 2.2 SE; PTT x̅ = 88.3% ± 2.6 SE); or chick survival to fledging from broods that had at least one surviving chick (non-PTT x̅ = 63.4% ± 4.2 SE; PTT x̅ = 64.4% ± 4.7 SE). High nesting propensity (97.3% year−1 ± 1.9% SE) of tagged birds indicated minimal PTT effect on breeding probability. These findings show that harness-mounted transmitters can give unbiased measures of demographic parameters of this species, and are relevant to other large-bodied, cursorial, ground-nesting birds of open habitats, particularly other bustards.

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