Search-phase echolocation calls of the New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) and long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1487-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Parsons
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Lower South ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

This paper describes the search-phase echolocation calls of lesser short-tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) and long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus). Calls were recorded from all three subspecies of short-tailed bat and seven populations of long-tailed bat, three in Northland, two in the central North Island, and two in the lower South Island. The calls were recorded in the field and digitised, then three spectral components and one temporal component of the calls were measured. Calls of the lesser short-tailed bat could be loosely classified into subspecies by means of multivariate discriminant function analysis. Similarly, long-tailed bat calls showed regional variation, and discriminant function analysis was able to fit calls to regional groups with a high rate of success. The significance of the results presented is discussed in terms of the conservation of New Zealand bats and the unique ecology of the lesser short-tailed bat.

scholarly journals Description of Echolocation Call Parameters for Urban Bats in Vietnam as a Step Towards a More Integrated Acoustic Monitoring of Urban Wildlife in Southeast Asia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Long Kim Pham ◽  
Bang Van Tran ◽  
Quy Tan Le ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This study is the first step towards more systematic monitoring of urban bat fauna in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries by collecting bat echolocation call parameters in Ho Chi Minh and Tra Vinh cities. We captured urban bats and then recorded echolocation calls after releasing in a tent. Additional bat’s echolocation calls from the free-flying bats were recorded at the site where we captured bat. We used the obtained echolocation call parameters for a discriminant function analysis to test the accuracy of classifying these species based on their echolocation call parameters. Data from this pilot work revealed a low level of diversity for the studied bat assemblages. Additionally, the discriminant function analysis successfully classified bats to four bat species with an accuracy of >87.4%. On average, species assignments were correct for all calls from Taphozous melanopogon (100% success rate), for 70% of calls from Pipistrellus javanicus, for 80.8% of calls from Myotis hasseltii and 67.3% of calls from Scotophilus kuhlii. Our study comprises the first quantitative description of echolocation call parameters for urban bats of Vietnam. The success in classifying urban bats based on their echolocation call parameters provides a promising baseline for monitoring the effect of urbanization on bat assemblages in Vietnam and potentially also other Southeast Asian countries.

Discriminant Function Analysis of Glass Chemistry of New Zealand and North American Tephra Deposits

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A.R. Shane ◽  
Paul C. Froggatt
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Taupo Volcanic Zone ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Major Oxides ◽  
Long Valley ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMajor, trace, and rare earth element analyses of volcanic glass are used separately or in combination for correlating Quaternary tephras, often by graphical or simple comparative methods. We have taken a statistical approach using discriminant function analysis (DFA) to assess the relative discriminating power of the different elements in volcanic glasses from several tectonovolcanic provinces. We found that major oxides are powerful discriminating variables for widespread tephras from the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand and here they can be more discriminating than trace elements. A wide selection of tephras from the western United States can also be distinguished on major oxides alone, particularly those from Cascade Range volcanoes. For tephras from large intracontinental calderas, such as Long Valley or Yellowstone, REE and trace elements are more effective at discriminating than major oxides. However, tephras erupted from the Long Valley area can be distinguished on major oxide composition by DFA, despite their similar chemistry. The selection and relative significance of different elements for discriminating tephras depends on the total data set being compared, as well as the source volcano and the individual eruptive events. Caution must be exercised in the nonstatistical selection of compositional data for characterizing tephras: DFA is a more powerful and objective tool for the comparison of tephra chemistry.

scholarly journals Identification of sex using discriminant function analysis of fingerprint ridge density at three topological areas among North Indian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
Maninder Kaur ◽  
Mankamal Kaur ◽  
Jigmath Yangchan
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

AbstractThe present study attempted to identify sex of an individual using a fingerprint ridge density at three topological areas in the North Indian population. The study population consisted of 134 males and 136 females aged 17 to 25 years (mean age 19.34±2.12). Ridge density (RD) at radial, ulnar and proximal topological areas of the distal phalanges were determined on the surface area of 25mm2. Fingerprint ridge density in a defined area was significantly higher among females as compared to their male counterparts at radial, ulnar and proximal topological areas for both hands. Sexual dimorphic ratio also supported this trend for all three counting areas in right and left hands. Univariate discriminant function analysis explained that the left 2 radial (L2R) (88.1%) had the highest percentage of accuracy for sex identification, followed by the left 3 ulnar (L3U) (82.1%) and the right 2 ulnar (R2U) (81.6%). Multivariate discriminant function analysis showed that the radial topological area of the left hand was the best predictor of sex with the overall accuracy of 84.4%with following discriminant function equation −8.263 − 0.236(L1R) + + 0.321(L2R) + 0.269(L3R) + 0.268(L4R) − 0.067(L5R).It can be inferred that ridge density in the radial topological area of left hand is the most reliable tool for identifying the sex of an individual.

Morphometric variations of the Genus Barbonymus (Pisces, Cyprinidae) harvested from Aceh Waters, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Agung Setia Batubara ◽  
Zainal A. Muchlisin ◽  
Deni Efizon ◽  
Roza Elvyra ◽  
Nur Fadli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Univariate Anova ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyze the morphometric variations of the three presumed taxa within the Barbonymus group, namely B. gonionotus, referred to locally as naleh; B. schwanenfeldii, referred to locally as lampam-A; and Barbonymus sp. referred to locally as lampam-B. The naleh samples were collected from Nagan Raya District, while lampam-A and lampam-B were collected from Aceh Tamiang District, Indonesia. Traditional morphometric characters were measured in 150 fish samples (50 individuals of every taxon). The results of univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (Discriminant function analysis, DFA) analyses showed that lampam-A and lampam-B have overlapping morphological characteristics, whereas naleh were distinctly different. Therefore, it is presumed that lampan A and lampan B are the same species of B. schwanenfeldii. It was concluded that the morphometric data indicated that there are two species of Barbonymus in Aceh waters, i.e., B. schwanenfeldii and B. gonionotus.

Discriminant Function Analysis of Late Quaternary Tephras from Five Volcanoes in New Zealand Using Glass Shard Major Element Chemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Stokes ◽  
David J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Major Element Chemistry ◽  
Element Chemistry ◽  
Glass Shard

The microprobe-determined glass shard major element chemistry of tephras derived from five North Island, New Zealand volcanoes (Mayor Island, Okataina, Taupo, Tongariro, and Mount Egmont) and younger than ca. 20,000 yr B.P. was subjected to discriminant function analysis. Four separate approaches were adopted to test the match of the tephras with their known sources: (1) an analysis of raw microprobe data; (2) an analysis of normalized data; (3) an analysis of the data transformed by calculating the log10 of oxide scores divided (arbitrarily) by the chlorine content; and (4) a repeat of (3) with multivariate outlier scores, as determined by principal components analysis, deleted. All yielded excellent classification functions (efficiencies of 91–100%), with the eruptives associated with each of the five volcanoes being chemically distinct from one another. In each approach, the first two canonical discriminant functions accounted for >90% of the variation between groups. The removal of multivariate outliers from the data set had only minor effects on the performance of the discriminant function procedures. Separate discriminant function analysis of the relatively alike Taupo and Okataina eruptives gave a greater degree of multivariate separation. The numerical classifications generated should enable unidentified tephras erupted since ca. 20,000 yr B.P. from the five volcanoes to be provisionally matched with their sources.

scholarly journals Acoustic identification of twelve species of echolocating bat by discriminant function analysis and artificial neural networks

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (17) ◽  
pp. 2641-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parsons ◽  
G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Artificial Neural

We recorded echolocation calls from 14 sympatric species of bat in Britain. Once digitised, one temporal and four spectral features were measured from each call. The frequency-time course of each call was approximated by fitting eight mathematical functions, and the goodness of fit, represented by the mean-squared error, was calculated. Measurements were taken using an automated process that extracted a single call from background noise and measured all variables without intervention. Two species of Rhinolophus were easily identified from call duration and spectral measurements. For the remaining 12 species, discriminant function analysis and multilayer back-propagation perceptrons were used to classify calls to species level. Analyses were carried out with and without the inclusion of curve-fitting data to evaluate its usefulness in distinguishing among species. Discriminant function analysis achieved an overall correct classification rate of 79% with curve-fitting data included, while an artificial neural network achieved 87%. The removal of curve-fitting data improved the performance of the discriminant function analysis by 2 %, while the performance of a perceptron decreased by 2 %. However, an increase in correct identification rates when curve-fitting information was included was not found for all species. The use of a hierarchical classification system, whereby calls were first classified to genus level and then to species level, had little effect on correct classification rates by discriminant function analysis but did improve rates achieved by perceptrons. This is the first published study to use artificial neural networks to classify the echolocation calls of bats to species level. Our findings are discussed in terms of recent advances in recording and analysis technologies, and are related to factors causing convergence and divergence of echolocation call design in bats.

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